Question 1

A difference between institutionalized discrimination and internal colonialism is that institutionalized discrimination ________.
A)involves direct exploitation of minority groups by some dominant groups
B)occurs because of the minimum entrance requirements that bar minorities from jobs
C)is a psychological factor causing prejudice and discrimination
D)results from the competition between two groups for the same work at different wages

Accepted Answer

Institutionalized discrimination refers to the establishment of systems, policies, and practices that systematically disadvantage certain groups based on their race, gender, religion, or other characteristics. This can include minimum entrance requirements that bar minorities from jobs. Internal colonialism, on the other hand, refers to the economic and social subordination of one group within a larger society. It involves the dominant group exploiting the minority group for their resources and labor, often resulting in poverty and limited access to opportunities for the marginalized group. Therefore, the best choice is B, as it describes a characteristic of institutionalized discrimination.

Question 2

Which of the following is a consequence of discrimination?
A)It leads to the abolishment of the social stratification system.
B)It reduces competition between the majority and minority groups for resources.
C)It creates a poorer sense of self-worth in minority youth than nonminority youth.
D)It reduces the chances for minority groups to assimilate into the mainstream.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination often results in negative psychological impacts on those who are targeted, including a poorer sense of self-worth, especially among minority youth. This can be due to societal messages that devalue their identity or experiences of unequal treatment.

Question 3

________ are rigid and oversimplified images in which each element or person in a category is assumed to possess all the characteristics associated with that category.
A)Analogies
B)Prejudices
C)Stereotypes
D)Anomies

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are rigid and oversimplified images that categorize individuals based on characteristics associated with a particular group, without considering individual differences. Prejudices are preconceived opinions that are not based on reason or actual experience. Analogies are comparisons between two things based on their similarities. Anomies refer to a lack of social norms or a breakdown in social norms.

Question 4

A similarity between prejudice and discrimination is that both ________.
A)arise due to racial differences
B)are based on irrational attitudes toward certain groups
C)affect the majority community in a society
D)result in the establishment of a pluralist society

Accepted Answer

The answer of A similarity between prejudice and discrimination is...

Question 5

A prejudice refers to ________.
A)the inequitable treatment of a group resulting from practices or policies that are incorporated into social,political,or economic institutions and that operate independently from the prejudices of individuals
B)the process by which a racial or ethnic minority loses its distinctive identity and way of life and becomes absorbed into the dominant group
C)an irrational attitude toward certain people based solely on their membership in a particular group
D)the view that certain racial or ethnic groups are biologically inferior

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to an irrational attitude toward certain people based solely on their membership in a particular group.

Question 6

Jeremy,a sociologist,claims that the social and economic position of African Americans in the United States has not improved despite various policies and reforms.Which of the following is an accurate statement that supports Jeremy's claim?
A)The increase in the number of African Americans enrolled in colleges continues to be lower than that of white Americans.
B)The number of blacks holding elected political office has reduced substantially.
C)The number of African Americans in professional occupations has decreased at a much faster rate compared to the number from other minority groups.
D)The ratio of black-to-white income has remained unchanged over the past few decades.

Accepted Answer

The statement that the ratio of black-to-white income has remained unchanged over the past few decades supports Jeremy's claim that the economic position of African Americans has not improved despite policies and reforms. This suggests that despite efforts to address economic disparities between races, the income gap between African Americans and white Americans has not improved.

Question 7

People living in a small neighborhood in the state of Torelo have negative opinions about a certain minority group in the neighborhood and do not socialize with them.They try to segregate the residential complexes of the minority group and protest against the admission of their children to private schools in the neighborhood.People of the neighborhood are ________.
A)prejudiced nondiscriminators
B)unprejudiced nondiscriminators
C)unprejudiced discriminators
D)prejudiced discriminators

Accepted Answer

The people in the neighborhood have negative opinions about and try to segregate the minority group, as well as protest against their admission to private schools. These actions show clear discrimination, and their negative opinions suggest prejudice. Therefore, the best choice is D) prejudiced discriminators.

Question 8

According to the conflict perspective,prejudice and discrimination arise when ________.
A)groups find themselves in competition with each other
B)people live in a pluralist society
C)people have very low levels of ethnocentrism
D)there is equitable sharing of resources and power

Accepted Answer

According to the conflict perspective, prejudice and discrimination arise when groups find themselves in competition with each other for resources, power, and status. This competition can lead to feelings of resentment, hostility, and superiority towards the competing group, resulting in prejudice and discrimination. Therefore, option A is the best answer. Option B is incorrect because living in a pluralist society means there is diversity, and it may not necessarily lead to prejudice and discrimination. Option C is incorrect because having low levels of ethnocentrism means that one is more accepting of other cultures and less likely to engage in prejudice and discrimination. Option D is incorrect because equitable sharing of resources and power may reduce conflict and competition, leading to less prejudice and discrimination.

Question 9

Kiara is a member of an interest group that provides education to poor and underprivileged children.The group consists of members of various communities and races.Kiara likes to work with her group,and it gives her a sense of belonging.She also identifies herself with the group,and it increases her sense of self-worth.This group is an example of a(n)________.
A)ethnic group
B)minority group
C)in-group
D)racial group

Accepted Answer

The group Kiara is a part of is an example of an in-group, which is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as a member. It provides her with a sense of belonging and increases her self-worth. The other options do not accurately describe the group Kiara is a part of.

Question 10

The Indian Citizenship Act resulted in ________.
A)American Indians being guaranteed basic human rights
B)American Indians being conferred United States citizenship and their relocation to the southwest
C)Indian laborers being prohibited from entering America
D)United States citizenship being granted to all American Indians

Accepted Answer

The Indian Citizenship Act, passed in 1924, granted United States citizenship to all American Indians. This was a significant step towards recognizing the rights and equality of Native Americans, who had been treated as second-class citizens and denied many basic civil liberties for centuries. This act did not result in the relocation of American Indians to the southwest, nor did it prohibit Indian laborers from entering America.

Question 11

Which of the following best defines racism?
A)It is the process by which a racial or ethnic minority loses its distinctive identity and way of life and becomes absorbed into the dominant group.
B)It is the view that certain racial or ethnic groups are biologically inferior and that practices involving their domination and exploitation are therefore justified.
C)It is the tendency to view one's own group or culture as an in-group that follows the best and the only proper way to live.
D)It is characterized by a rigid adherence to conventional lifestyles and values and admiration of power and toughness in interpersonal relationships.

Accepted Answer

Racism involves the belief that certain racial or ethnic groups are inherently inferior, and justifies practices of domination and exploitation against those groups. Option A refers to assimilation, option C refers to ethnocentrism, and option D refers to cultural conservatism or authoritarianism, none of which fully capture the concept of racism.

Question 12

A(n)________ is one in which there are two groups of workers willing to do the same work,but for different wages.
A)military-industrial complex
B)interest group
C)economic bubble
D)split labor market

Accepted Answer

A split labor market refers to a situation where two groups of workers are available to do the same work but at different wages. This creates an unequal opportunity for both groups and can lead to discrimination and social inequality. The other options (A, B, and C) do not fit the description.

Question 13

In the context of the discrimination against African Americans in schools,what was the Supreme Court's ruling in the Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas decision?
A)It ruled that separate but equal doctrine was unconstitutional.
B)It ruled that split labor markets were illegal,and people involved in this type of trade would be punished.
C)It ruled that minority groups should assimilate into the mainstream.
D)It ruled that all forms of institutionalized discrimination should be nullified.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court's ruling in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas decision was that separate but equal doctrine was unconstitutional, and therefore, segregation in public schools was unconstitutional too. This decision overturned the previous Plessy v. Ferguson decision that allowed for separate but equal facilities for different races.

Question 14

The term ________ has been coined to describe a sentimental and ideological identification and loyalty that transcend individual Hispanic ethnic groups in the United States.
A)Latinismo
B)Signum
C)coolies
D)gringo

Accepted Answer

The term "Latinismo" refers to a shared sense of identity and loyalty among Hispanic individuals in the United States, regardless of their specific ethnic backgrounds. It encompasses a common language, cultural heritage, and history, as well as a sense of community and pride in being Hispanic.

Question 15

________ refers to the inequitable treatment of a group resulting from practices or policies that are incorporated into social,political,or economic organizations and that operate independently from the prejudices of individuals.
A)Ethnocentrism
B)Pluralism
C)Internal colonialism
D)Institutionalized discrimination

Accepted Answer

Institutionalized discrimination refers to the systematic and entrenched discrimination of a group through policies and practices of institutions such as governments, schools, and businesses. It operates independently of individual prejudices and can be difficult to identify and challenge, as it is often normalized within the structure of the institution.

Question 16

Marcus belongs to a minority group in the United States.His community values its cultural heritage and continues to practice its beliefs without assimilating into the mainstream.Marcus believes that due to its rich heritage,his community is superior to all racial groups,and its way of life is the best and the only way to live.Marcus's attitude toward his group is known as ________.
A)pluralism
B)ethnocentrism
C)recidivism
D)prejudice

Accepted Answer

Marcus's attitude toward his group as superior to all racial groups and believing their way of life is the best and the only way to live indicates ethnocentrism. Pluralism is the acceptance of diversity and the belief that multiple cultures can coexist in harmony. Recidivism refers to the tendency to relapse into previous behavior, usually related to criminal activity. Prejudice refers to preconceived opinions or attitudes, often negative, toward a particular group.

Question 17

The most desirable combination of prejudice and discrimination,from the point of view of political and social values in the United States,is the ________.
A)prejudiced discriminator
B)unprejudiced nondiscriminator
C)prejudiced nondiscriminator
D)unprejudiced discriminator

Accepted Answer

The most desirable combination from a political and social values standpoint is being unprejudiced and a nondiscriminator, meaning that one does not hold biased attitudes and also does not act on them by unfairly treating others. This aligns with the principles of equality and fairness that are central to democratic societies.

Question 18

The________ personality is characterized by a rigid adherence to conventional lifestyles and values,admiration of power and toughness in interpersonal relationships,submission to authority,cynicism,an emphasis on obedience,and a fear of things that are different.
A)introverted
B)authoritarian
C)narcissistic
D)ethnocentric

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described in the question are indicative of an authoritarian personality.

Question 19

According to functionalists,ethnocentrism is functional because it ________.
A)teaches various groups to live in harmony with each other
B)produces loyalty,cohesiveness,and strong group ties
C)supports and helps to establish pluralism
D)helps to reduce intolerance toward other communities

Accepted Answer

According to functionalists, ethnocentrism is functional because it produces loyalty, cohesiveness, and strong group ties. It fosters a sense of belonging and unity among members of a group, which helps them work together and achieve common goals. This, in turn, reinforces social stability and helps maintain order in society.

Question 20

________ is a type of exploitation in which a subordinate group provides cheap labor that benefits the dominant group and is then further exploited by having to purchase expensive goods and services from the dominant group.
A)Internal colonialism
B)Institutionalized discrimination
C)Structural unemployment
D)Relative deprivation

Accepted Answer

Internal colonialism refers to the exploitation of one group by another within the same country. In this case, the subordinate group provides cheap labor that benefits the dominant group, but because they are not paid a fair wage, they cannot afford the expensive goods and services produced by the dominant group. This perpetuates their subordination and poverty.

Quiz 7: Race and Ethnic Relations

A difference between institutionalized discrimination and internal colonialism is that institutionalized discrimination ________.

Which of the following is a consequence of discrimination?

________ are rigid and oversimplified images in which each element or person in a category is assumed to possess all the characteristics associated with that category.

A similarity between prejudice and discrimination is that both ________.

A prejudice refers to ________.

Jeremy,a sociologist,claims that the social and economic position of African Americans in the United States has not improved despite various policies and reforms.Which of the following is an accurate statement that supports Jeremy's claim?

According to the conflict perspective,prejudice and discrimination arise when ________.

The Indian Citizenship Act resulted in ________.

Which of the following best defines racism?

A(n) ________ is one in which there are two groups of workers willing to do the same work,but for different wages.

In the context of the discrimination against African Americans in schools,what was the Supreme Court's ruling in the Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas decision?

The term ________ has been coined to describe a sentimental and ideological identification and loyalty that transcend individual Hispanic ethnic groups in the United States.

________ refers to the inequitable treatment of a group resulting from practices or policies that are incorporated into social,political,or economic organizations and that operate independently from the prejudices of individuals.

The most desirable combination of prejudice and discrimination,from the point of view of political and social values in the United States,is the ________.

The________ personality is characterized by a rigid adherence to conventional lifestyles and values,admiration of power and toughness in interpersonal relationships,submission to authority,cynicism,an emphasis on obedience,and a fear of things that are different.

According to functionalists,ethnocentrism is functional because it ________.

________ is a type of exploitation in which a subordinate group provides cheap labor that benefits the dominant group and is then further exploited by having to purchase expensive goods and services from the dominant group.