Depressed individuals have elevated levels of ____, which results in exaggerated cardiovascular responses to stressors.

Question

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Depressed individuals have elevated levels of catecholamines (such as adrenaline and noradrenaline), which can result in exaggerated cardiovascular responses to stressors. Cortisol is also elevated in individuals with depression, but it does not directly affect cardiovascular responses. Estradiol is a female sex hormone and is not typically associated with depression. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in anxiety and mood regulation, but its levels are not necessarily elevated in individuals with depression.

Depressed Individuals Have Elevated Levels of ____, Which Results in Exaggerated