Question 1

Research conducted by Moss et al.(2010)suggests that among chronic heavy users of alcohol, ____ were most likely to remain dependent on alcohol.

Accepted Answer

Moss et al. (2010) found that individuals with psychiatric disorders and a family history of alcoholism were most likely to remain dependent on alcohol among chronic heavy users of alcohol. Heavy drinkers in college, males, and those who were divorced and unemployed did not show as strong a correlation with continued alcohol dependence.

Question 2

City health departments are interested in reducing the number of cases of AIDS.Because AIDS can be transmitted through needle sharing, health departments are most probably concerned if they see an increase in the use of ____.

Accepted Answer

Heroin is commonly injected and shared among drug users, making it a high-risk activity for contracting and transmitting HIV/AIDS. An increase in the use of heroin could indicate a higher risk for the spread of the disease. The other options (barbiturates, marijuana, and crack cocaine) are not typically associated with injection drug use and do not pose the same risk for HIV/AIDS transmission.

Question 3

Faye is in a treatment program in which she gets either a voucher or cash incentive for verified abstinence, adhering to treatment goals, or taking prescribed medication.This type of treatment is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Faye is receiving vouchers or cash incentives as part of her treatment program, which is known as contingency management. This type of treatment involves providing tangible rewards for positive behaviors such as abstaining from drug use, attending therapy sessions, or taking medication as prescribed. Motivational enhancement therapy aims to enhance a person's motivation to change their behavior, cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, and aversion therapy involves pairing negative stimuli with the behavior being targeted for change. None of these therapies involve tangible rewards for positive behavior, as in contingency management.

Question 4

Dr.Applebaum says, "Contrary to popular belief, this substance actually functions to inhibit the central nervous system.At low doses it appears to cause disinhibition because the inhibitory centers of the brain are those first depressed.At high doses, this drug can cause unconsciousness and even death." What drug is Dr.Applebaum referring to?

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that the substance inhibits the central nervous system and at low doses, it causes disinhibition because the inhibitory centers of the brain are depressed first. This is a characteristic of alcohol. Cocaine, nicotine, and cannabis do not have these effects. At high doses, the substance can cause unconsciousness and even death, which is also a known effect of alcohol.

Question 5

Due to the genetic make-up and physiology of Asians, the production of "clean-up" enzymes such as aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)is ____, which may influence the low prevalence rates of alcoholism among Asians.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that Asians have a lower prevalence of alcoholism, which implies that their bodies are more efficient in breaking down and eliminating alcohol. Therefore, the production of "clean-up" enzymes like ALDH is likely to be minimized, as these enzymes are responsible for breaking down harmful byproducts of alcohol metabolism.

Question 6

Which statement about prescription opioids is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that many opioid-abusers began their habit with prescribed opioids, eventually buying prescription opioids illegally or trying heroin as a less expensive and even more lethal opioid. This highlights the potential for prescription opioids to be a gateway drug to other, more dangerous substances.

Question 7

Mrs.Healy originally took this widely prescribed sedative medication to reduce anxiety and muscle tension.Now, however, she cannot deal with stress without using it, and she has developed a tolerance to it.What drug is she probably taking?

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Healy is most likely taking Valium, which is a benzodiazepine that is commonly prescribed for anxiety and muscle tension. Developing a tolerance and being unable to cope with stress without the medication are common signs of benzodiazepine dependence. Antabuse is a medication used for treating alcohol addiction, phencyclidine is a hallucinogenic drug, and caffeine is a stimulant. None of these drugs are typically prescribed for anxiety and muscle tension.

Question 8

Juan is feeling the negative physiological consequences of heavy, prolonged alcohol use.These effects probably include ____.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal symptoms of headache, fatigue, sweating, body tremors, and mood changes are common negative physiological consequences of heavy, prolonged alcohol use. Choices A, B, and D are not typically associated with these consequences, and may indicate other conditions such as bipolar disorder or PTSD.

Question 9

Danielle's family is justifiably worried that her excessive use of a "downer" will lead to an accidental overdose and death.It further worries them that she often takes the drug with alcohol.Which drug are they probably concerned about?

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes a drug that is a "downer" and can lead to overdose when combined with alcohol. This fits the profile of a barbiturate, which is a type of sedative-hypnotic drug that can cause respiratory depression and death in high doses.

Question 10

The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is ____.

Accepted Answer

Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world, consumed through coffee, tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks. It is a stimulant that can enhance alertness and cognitive performance. Nicotine is the second most widely used psychoactive drug, mainly consumed through tobacco products. Marijuana and Valium are not as widely used as caffeine or nicotine.

Question 11

Our bodies produce "clean-up" enzymes, including ____, to counteract toxins that build-up as alcohol is metabolized.

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is an enzyme that plays a key role in breaking down the toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism, acetaldehyde, into a less harmful substance called acetate. This process helps to prevent the buildup of acetaldehyde, which can cause damage to the liver and other organs.

Question 12

Natalie uses cocaine, marijuana, and alcohol on a daily basis and shows tolerance.She's been doing this for almost two years now.According to the DSM-V, she meets the criteria for ____.

Accepted Answer

Natalie's daily use of multiple substances and tolerance indicates that she meets the criteria for polysubstance use disorder. The DSM-V defines polysubstance use disorder as a pattern of substance use involving multiple substances that have a negative impact on the individual's life.

Question 13

Which statement about alcohol consumption in the United States is accurate?

Accepted Answer

According to research, males in all age groups are more likely to drink alcohol and engage in binge and heavy drinking compared to females.

Question 14

Which statement about alcohol consumption and ethnicity in the United States is accurate?

Accepted Answer

According to research, Asian Americans have the lowest levels of heavy and binge drinking compared to other ethnic groups in the United States. This is likely due to cultural norms and values that discourage excessive drinking.

Question 15

A man with a blood alcohol concentration level of 0.50 percent is seen at a hospital.We can guess that this man is ____.

Accepted Answer

A blood alcohol concentration level of 0.50 percent is considered to be potentially lethal, and the individual may be unconscious or dead.

Question 16

Codeine, heroin, and morphine all ____ derived from the ____.

Accepted Answer

Codeine, heroin, and morphine are all derived from the opium poppy plant and are depressants of the central nervous system.

Question 17

Frequently when alcohol is initially ingested, individuals report feeling "wild and excited." These feelings result because ____.

Accepted Answer

When alcohol is ingested into the body, it depresses the inhibitory centers in the brain. This leads to disinhibition, causing individuals to behave in a more impulsive and reckless manner. This is what leads to the feeling of being "wild and excited."

Question 18

A health class videotape says, "This drug comes from opium and is really scary because after feeling relaxed and happy, you develop a tolerance quickly and need more.Because most people put it in their bodies with needles, there is an increased risk of getting AIDS.The withdrawal effects are awful." What drug is being described?

Accepted Answer

The description matches that of heroin, which is derived from opium and is known to quickly develop tolerance, increase the risk of AIDS due to needle usage, and have severe withdrawal effects.

Question 19

Which statement about barbiturates is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates can cause physical and psychological dependence, leading to addiction and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. This is why their use is closely monitored and often only prescribed for a limited period of time under medical supervision. Additionally, barbiturates are legal drugs but their use is strictly regulated due to their potentially harmful effects, making them more difficult to obtain than illegal drugs.

Question 20

Among college students aged (18-24)each year, ____.

Accepted Answer

Over 2.1 million college students aged 18-24 drive under the influence of alcohol each year, according to statistics on alcohol-related behaviors among college students.

Quiz 11: Substance Use Disorders

Research conducted by Moss et al.(2010) suggests that among chronic heavy users of alcohol, ____ were most likely to remain dependent on alcohol.