Question 1

What do we call memory of "chronological" and "dated" personal experiences?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to the memory of personal experiences that are organized chronologically and have a specific date or time associated with them. This type of memory involves conscious effort and is therefore classified as a type of declarative memory, which refers to memories that can be consciously recalled and described. Semantic memory, on the other hand, is a type of declarative memory that encompasses general knowledge and facts about the world, such as knowing that the capital of France is Paris. Implicit memory refers to memories that are unconsciously stored and retrieved, such as how to ride a bike or tie your shoes. Therefore, the best choice for the memory of "chronological" and "dated" personal experiences is A) episodic.

Question 2

Which type of memory contains general knowledge that is NOT tied to the time when the information was learned?

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory contains general knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned. Procedural memory is tied to knowing how to perform specific physical actions or skills. Episodic memory contains personal experiences and events tied to a specific time and place. Implicit memory refers to unconscious memory of skills and habits.

Question 3

What type of memory is necessary to remember to perform actions in the future?

Accepted Answer

Prospective memory involves remembering to perform actions in the future, such as remembering to pick up groceries on the way home from work.

Question 4

Which of the following unifying themes of your text best reflects the reconstructive nature of memory?

Accepted Answer

The theme "People's experience of the world is highly subjective" reflects the reconstructive nature of memory, as memories are not exact replicas of past events but instead are highly influenced by personal interpretations and biases. This theme recognizes that memory is not a static entity but a dynamic process continually reconstructed and updated by new information and personal experiences.

Question 5

Your psychology professor asks you for the name of the individual who started the behavioural approach to the study of psychology. Which type of memory must you access to answer this question correctly?

Accepted Answer

To recall factual information such as the name of the individual who started the behavioural approach, semantic memory will be needed as it involves the storage and retrieval of general knowledge, facts, and concepts. Prospective memory refers to remembering to do something in the future, procedural memory involves the recall of skilled movements or actions, and episodic memory is involved in the recollection of personal experiences.

Question 6

The declarative memory system is subdivided and one subdivision is made up of chronological recollections of personal experiences. What is it called?

Accepted Answer

The subdivision of declarative memory that is made up of chronological recollections of personal experiences is called episodic memory.

Question 7

Which type of memory is made up of temporally dated recollections of personal experiences?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to memories of specific events or episodes, usually with a personal connection, such as an individual's birthday party or the first day of school.

Question 8

Cierra is writing a test in geography, and she is trying to recall the capital of Turkmenistan. Which type of memory does Cierra need to access to answer this question?

Accepted Answer

Cierra needs to access her semantic memory, which stores general knowledge, including information such as the capitals of countries.

Question 9

Your memory for the material on this test may be influenced by the amount of attention you paid to it, the level at which you processed it, and how you organized it. Which of your text's unifying themes does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This illustrates the theme that behavior is determined by multiple causes, as memory is influenced by various factors such as attention, processing level, and organization.

Question 10

Which of the following types of memory are you using when you try to remember something your instructor said in class last week?

Accepted Answer

Retrospective memory is the type of memory used to recall past experiences or events, such as something your instructor said in a class last week.

Question 11

According to the Featured Study that used brain imaging to study memory and imagination, which of the following brain areas is NOT likely to be active if you are remembering an event that happened last week?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the Featured Study that used...

Question 12

Which of the following unifying themes of your text best illustrates the fact that what you see in the world around you depends on where you focus your attention?

Accepted Answer

The unifying theme that best illustrates that what you see in the world around you depends on where you focus your attention is "People's experience of the world is highly subjective." This is because individuals tend to interpret the world around them based on their own experiences, beliefs, and biases, meaning that what one person considers important or relevant may differ from another person's perspective. Therefore, attention plays a crucial role in shaping perception and experience.

Question 13

Ruben and Maya are describing their recent trip to Brazil. They describe all the interesting things they did while they were there, and all the interesting people they met. Which type of memory are Ruben and Maya largely relying on?

Accepted Answer

Ruben and Maya are recalling specific events and experiences from their trip, which falls under the category of episodic memory. Prospective memory is related to remembering to do something in the future, semantic memory is related to general knowledge and facts, and procedural memory is related to learned skills and actions.

Question 14

What differs between the right and left hippocampus for the different types of cognitive processes, according to the Featured Study that used brain imaging to study memory and imagination?

Accepted Answer

The study found that the left hippocampus is active during both imagining and remembering, while the right hippocampus is only active during imagining.

Question 15

Kelly is taking antibiotics for an ear infection, but she finds she often forgets to take the medication when she is supposed to. She has tried leaving the container for the medication in plain view, but she still forgets on occasion. What does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Kelly's inability to remember to take her medication at the appropriate times is a failure in prospective memory, which is the ability to remember to perform an intended action in the future. Anterograde amnesia involves the inability to form new memories, proactive interference is when previously learned information interferes with new learning, and pseudoforgetting is when information was encoded poorly and therefore never actually learned.

Question 16

Dave is reminiscing about the first car he owned in high school and how he felt the first time he drove it through town. What does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates episodic memory, as Dave is recalling a specific event (driving his first car through town) from his personal experience (in high school).

Question 17

Dennis is reminiscing about his childhood home. He can still remember the wide front porch with the porch swing and the big trees in the backyard. Which type of memory is Dennis relying on?

Accepted Answer

Dennis is relying on his retrospective memory, which is the ability to remember events, facts, and experiences from the past. He is reminiscing about his childhood home and recalling specific details, such as the wide front porch and big trees in the backyard.

Question 18

Eight-year-old Dana is distressed when her Grade 3 teacher gives her class an assignment the very first day. They are all to write four paragraphs describing what they did over their summer vacations. Which type of memory must the students utilize to complete this assignment effectively?

Accepted Answer

The students must utilize their episodic memory, which refers to the memory of personal experiences or events. They need to recall specific details of what they did over their summer vacation to write four paragraphs about it.

Question 19

Timothy was planning to record the hockey game, but he forgot to turn the PVR on before he went to bed that night. What does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The example illustrates a failure in prospective memory, which refers to the ability to remember to perform an intended action in the future. In this case, Timothy intended to record the hockey game, but he failed to remember to turn on the PVR in order to do so. Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to form new memories after an injury or illness, while pseudoforgetting refers to the phenomenon of forgetting information that was never fully learned or encoded in the first place. Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the ability to remember new information.

Question 20

How does evidence from the Featured Study, which showed brain activation during remembered and imagined events, support the position that memory is constructed?

Accepted Answer

The evidence from the Featured Study showed brain activation during both remembered and imagined events, suggesting that the same brain regions associated with memory are also involved in imagination. This supports the position that memory is constructed, as it suggests that memories are not simply replayed like a recording but are actively reconstructed and influenced by imagination.

Quiz 7: A: Human Memory