Question 1

According to Abraham Maslow, after people satisfy their needs for knowledge and achievement, what will they next become concerned with?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Abraham Maslow, after people satisfy...

Question 2

Mitchell sees himself as a great writer, with very clever ideas. He receives feedback on a paper he wrote for a course and his professor wrote on it that the paper was sloppy, hard to read, and not very original. According to Rogers, what reaction will Mitchell be likely to experience as a result of this feedback?

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, when there is a discrepancy between one's self-concept and external feedback, it can lead to anxiety. Mitchell's self-concept as a great writer is challenged by the negative feedback, likely causing anxiety.

Question 3

Which of the following levels appears in Kenrick's revision of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, but does not appear in the original version?

Accepted Answer

Kenrick added the level of "parenting needs" between the levels of love/belonging and self-esteem in his revision of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This level addresses the needs individuals have to care for and protect their offspring. The other options (physiological needs, aesthetic needs, and esteem needs) are all included in both Maslow's original hierarchy and Kenrick's revision.

Question 4

Chelsey is a student who is very focused on developing her skills and seeking out new experiences. Her favourite classes are the ones that involve a lot of discussion, where she can hear others' viewpoints and really challenge her own beliefs. According to Maslow, what level of needs is Chelsey addressing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chelsey is a student who is very...

Question 5

Etienne, a university student, is very interested in his courses and is planning on attending graduate school in psychology. Which type of need has Etienne probably NOT yet satisfied?

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest level of psychological development where an individual realizes their full potential. Since Etienne is still planning on attending graduate school to further his education, it suggests he is still working towards fulfilling his potential, indicating that he has not yet satisfied his need for self-actualization.

Question 6

Amanda describes herself as intelligent, friendly, and responsible. Amanda's family, friends, and teachers all agree that she shows those qualities. What would Carl Rogers say about Amanda's self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers would say that Amanda's self-concept is congruent because there is a match between how she views herself and how others view her.

Question 7

Which personality theorist stated, "It's as if Freud supplied us the sick half of psychology and we must now fill it out with the healthy half"?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow is known for his focus on positive human potential and is often associated with the development of humanistic psychology, which emphasizes the healthy aspects of human nature.

Question 8

Ari is successful in his career, has a rewarding family life, and feels like he has achieved his goals in life. He is very satisfied with his accomplishments and finds his life very fulfilling. According to Maslow, what has Ari attained?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs describes self-actualization as the highest level of human need, where individuals have achieved their full potential and are satisfied with their life accomplishments. Ari's feeling of satisfaction and fulfillment in his career, family life, and achieving his goals suggests that he has reached self-actualization.

Question 9

According to Carl Rogers, what childhood experience tends to cause people to develop an incongruent self-concept as a result of blocking from their self-concept those experiences that did not receive parental affection?

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, when parents offer conditional affection, children tend to develop an incongruent self-concept because they block from their self-concept those experiences that did not receive parental affection. This means that individuals only view themselves as acceptable if they meet conditions set by their parents, which can lead to them suppressing parts of their true selves.

Question 10

In the Featured Study on priming effects on self-concept, subliminal exposure to which stimuli caused participants to judge themselves more harshly?

Accepted Answer

The subliminal exposure to the scowling face of someone they looked up to caused participants to judge themselves more harshly.

Question 11

Which psychologist's theory of personality uses both conditioning principles and inherited differences in physiological functioning to explain how heredity is linked to personality?

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck's theory of personality incorporates both conditioning principles and inherited differences in physiological functioning to explain how heredity is linked to personality. He proposed that individuals differ in their level of arousal, and this in turn influences their behavior and personality traits. He also believed that conditioning processes can shape and reinforce certain patterns of behavior, contributing to the development of personality.

Question 12

Sandra is an easygoing person who is very mature and responsible in many aspects of her life, but also very lighthearted and silly at times. She thinks very rationally when making some decisions, and makes other decisions based on her 'gut feelings'. According to Maslow, which of the following terms applies to Sandra's personality?

Accepted Answer

Sandra's personality is healthy because she is able to balance her mature and responsible side with her lighthearted and silly side. She is also able to make decisions based on both her rational mind and her gut feelings.

Question 13

What is a common criticism of humanistic theories of personality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a common criticism of humanistic...

Question 14

Which of the following is a component of both Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Roger's person-centred theory?

Accepted Answer

Both Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Roger's person-centred theory involve the concept of defence mechanisms, which are psychological strategies used to cope with reality and maintain self-image.

Question 15

Stella gets average grades in school. She knows that her parents really value high grades, so even though she doesn't really care about grades herself, she feels quite guilty about not working harder and not getting higher marks. According to Higgins' self-discrepancy theory, which discrepancy is Stella experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Higgins' self-discrepancy theory suggests that individuals experience different types of self-discrepancies based on the discrepancies between their actual self, ideal self, and ought self. In this case, Stella feels guilty about not working harder and not getting higher grades, indicating a discrepancy between her actual self and her ought self.

Question 16

What term did Abraham Maslow use for the need to fulfill one's potential?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow used the term "self-actualization" to describe the need to fulfill one's potential. It is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and involves realizing personal goals, seeking personal growth and peak experiences, and achieving a sense of fulfillment and purpose in life.

Question 17

Elena describes herself as awkward and scatterbrained, but her coworkers and clients see her as competent and skilled. What would Carl Rogers say about Elena's self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that a person's self-concept should be congruent, meaning that it aligns with their actual experiences and actions. In Elena's case, her self-concept of being awkward and scatterbrained does not align with how others perceive her as competent and skilled. This creates an incongruence in her self-concept.

Question 18

Min has enough food to eat, and has a safe place to live. Her life is relatively stable and predictable. Now that she has those needs taken care of, which needs would become a priority for Min, according to Maslow?

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, once physiological needs (such as food and shelter) are met, the next level of needs that individuals seek to fulfill are safety needs, followed by social needs, which include love and friendship.

Question 19

What is a strength of humanistic theories of personality?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories of personality emphasize the subjective experiences of individuals and their unique perspectives on the world. This can be a strength as it acknowledges the importance of an individual's perception of themselves and their environment, which may differ from objective reality.

Question 20

What personality trait was a focus of both Eysenck's and Jung's personality theories?

Accepted Answer

Extraversion was a focus of both Eysenck's and Jung's personality theories. Eysenck believed in a two-dimensional model of personality, with extraversion being one of the dimensions along with neuroticism. Jung's theory of personality included the concept of extraversion/introversion, which he believed related to an individual's orientation towards the external or internal world.

Quiz 12: B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment