Question 1

Prefrontal lobotomy was a popular treatment for schizophrenia among some clinicians, but other clinicians preferred alternative methods including psychoanalytic therapy or treatment with antipsychotic medications. We have learned a great deal about schizophrenia from the processes and results of each of these forms of treatment. Which theme does this highlight?

Accepted Answer

This highlights the value of theoretical diversity because by using alternative methods, clinicians were able to learn more about schizophrenia and ultimately find more effective treatments.

Question 2

What was emphasized by the community mental health movement?

Accepted Answer

The community mental health movement emphasized the need for local care, reduced reliance on hospitalization, and prevention of mental illness. The movement sought to provide mental health services in community-based settings, rather than centralized institutions, and to focus on early intervention and prevention rather than waiting until patients required hospitalization.

Question 3

What do most experts advocate in order to deal with the problems deinstitutionalization has created?

Accepted Answer

Most experts advocate for increasing the quality and availability of intermediate care facilities as an alternative to traditional mental hospitals and as a way to provide better care for individuals with mental illness. This approach allows for a more community-based approach to treatment while still providing necessary support and services for those in need. Increasing the number of traditional mental hospitals (A) or returning to the era of mental hospitals as custodial homes (C) is not considered a viable solution, as research has shown that such institutions can lead to poor quality of life and excessive use of restrictive measures. While reducing the problem of homelessness (B) is important, it is only one aspect of the larger issue of providing adequate care for those with mental illness.

Question 4

Most experts believe that for certain types of psychological problems, some treatment approaches are more effective than others. According to Martin Seligman, which type of therapy is best for panic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy is considered the most effective treatment for panic disorders according to Martin Seligman, as it helps patients identify and change the thought patterns that contribute to their panic attacks.

Question 5

Many specific therapies have turned out to be irrelevant or counterproductive when used with various cultural groups. Which of the following is illustrated by this finding?

Accepted Answer

The finding that specific therapies can be irrelevant or counterproductive with certain cultural groups suggests that our behaviour is shaped by our cultural heritage. Different cultures may have different values, beliefs, and worldviews that could affect the effectiveness of certain therapies. This underscores the importance of cultural competence in therapy and the need to consider cultural factors when working with clients from diverse backgrounds.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

While deinstitutionalization has helped many people receive mental health care outside of traditional hospitals, there have been some unintended consequences. These include an increase in homelessness and a lack of community-based resources and support for those with severe mental illness. Therefore, statement C is the most accurate as it recognizes both the benefits and potential drawbacks of deinstitutionalization. The other statements are somewhat extreme and do not reflect a nuanced view of the issue.

Question 7

Which of the following is true for the different approaches to psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

The different approaches to psychotherapy have developed due to tension between competing theories. Each approach has its unique theoretical framework, assumptions, and techniques. This tension between competing theories has led to the development of different psychological treatments. However, these approaches also share some commonalities and can be integrated to provide a more comprehensive and individualized treatment plan.

Question 8

What is the term for the transferring of treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities?

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization refers specifically to the process of transferring treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions (such as asylums) to community-based facilities. Mainstreaming refers more generally to integrating individuals with disabilities into mainstream society, and may not necessarily be related to mental health specifically. Decentralization refers to the dispersal of power and decision-making from a centralized authority to local levels. Exit-transfer therapy is not a recognized term in the field of mental health.

Question 9

In terms of the relationship between therapists' professional background and therapeutic efficacy, what have researchers found?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the therapeutic alliance, or the relationship between therapist and client, plays a more significant role in the outcome of therapy than the therapist's specific professional background. This suggests that factors such as empathy, understanding, and the ability to build a trusting relationship may be more critical to therapeutic success than the therapist's specific training or certification.

Question 10

What percentage of psychiatric inpatient admissions are readmission of former patients?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 65 percent of psychiatric inpatient admissions are readmissions of former patients, indicating a high rate of recurring mental health issues that require hospitalization. This highlights the need for effective and ongoing treatment and support for individuals with mental illness to prevent relapse and rehospitalization.

Question 11

What proportion of the homeless population is estimated to suffer from severe mental illness?

Accepted Answer

Approximately one-third of the homeless population is estimated to suffer from severe mental illness.

Question 12

Most experts believe that for certain types of psychological problems, some treatment approaches are more effective than others. According to Martin Seligman, which approach is most effective for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Martin Seligman and his colleagues found that behavior therapy or medication is the most effective approach for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the importance of a therapist's sex?

Accepted Answer

The importance of a therapist's sex varies depending on the client's preferences and comfort level. Studies have not consistently found one sex to be more effective than the other. Ultimately, it is up to the client to choose what they feel most comfortable with.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a primary source of therapeutic services?

Accepted Answer

Employers are not a primary source of therapeutic services. Primary sources of therapeutic services include private practitioners, human service agencies, and community mental health centers. Employers may provide employee assistance programs or other resources for employee mental health, but they are not considered primary sources of therapy.

Question 15

Which of the following has NOT been an outcome of deinstitutionalization?

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization has led to a decrease in the average inpatient population in mental hospitals, an increase in outpatient care for psychological disorders, and an increase in the number of mentally ill patients in local general hospitals. However, it has not led to an increase in the average length of stay in mental hospitals. On the contrary, deinstitutionalization has been associated with shorter hospital stays for patients.

Question 16

What is the purpose of having decentralized, outpatient facilities for treatment of individuals with mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Decentralized, outpatient facilities allow patients to receive treatment for mental disorders while remaining close to home and their support networks. This can be important for maintaining social connections and reducing stress that may contribute to their conditions. Additionally, outpatient treatment can often be more flexible and convenient for patients who have other responsibilities or limitations. While choice C may be true for some patients, it is not necessarily the main purpose or benefit of decentralized outpatient facilities. Choice D may also be an option for some patients, but it is not always feasible or appropriate for every condition or individual.

Question 17

What proportion of the homeless population struggles with alcohol and drug problems?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that approximately one-third of the homeless population struggles with alcohol and drug problems.

Question 18

Some disorders are expressed differently, with distinct differences in symptoms, across different cultures. What does this finding illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The finding that disorders are expressed differently across different cultures suggests that our behaviour, including our experience of psychiatric symptoms, is shaped by our cultural heritage. This reinforces the importance of considering cultural factors in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Question 19

In looking for therapeutic services, which of the following should you keep in mind?

Accepted Answer

Community mental health centres and human service agencies are often connected to a network of services and can provide information about a variety of therapeutic options, including those that may be more affordable or specialized to your specific needs. The other options are either too broad (D) or not necessarily relevant (A, B).

Question 20

What does the trend of deinstitutionalization mean?

Accepted Answer

The trend of deinstitutionalization means that people with mental illness are being moved away from institutional settings, such as mental hospitals, and instead being treated at community-based facilities that prioritize outpatient care. This approach is seen as more humane and effective, as it allows individuals with mental illness to receive treatment while remaining connected to their families and communities.

Quiz 15: A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders