Question 1

Thomas Malthus predicted that populations would grow much slower than the production of food and other resources needed to sustain the population.

Accepted Answer

Thomas Malthus predicted the opposite, that populations would grow faster than the production of food and resources, leading to widespread famine and poverty. This prediction became known as the Malthusian theory of population growth.

Question 2

A major factor that has influenced the emergence of the global economic network is the multinational corporation.

Accepted Answer

Multinational corporations have played a significant role in the development and expansion of the global economic network by establishing operations in multiple countries and facilitating international trade and investment. Their operations have contributed to the growth of global supply chains and the integration of economies around the world.

Question 3

Biodiversity is the genetic and biological variation within and among different species of plants and animals.

Accepted Answer

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity within and among different plant and animal populations.

Question 4

Anthropologists can probably aid in humankind's understanding of its existence in the global village by making a concerted effort to comprehend the historical and sociocultural incentives and roots that contribute to ethnic conflicts.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists, with their expertise in studying human societies and cultures, can provide insights into the complex factors that lead to ethnic conflicts. By understanding the historical and sociocultural backgrounds of different groups, anthropologists can help to identify and address the underlying causes of conflicts and work towards promoting peace and understanding in the global village.

Question 5

The United States, Japan, and Western Europe are now in Phase 2 of the demographic-transition model.

Accepted Answer

The United States, Japan, and Western Europe are generally considered to be in Phase 4 or 5 of the demographic-transition model, where birth and death rates are low, leading to a stable or slowly declining population size. Phase 2 is characterized by high birth rates and rapidly declining death rates, leading to rapid population growth, which is not the current demographic situation in these regions.

Question 6

Rates of global poverty are in decline, despite a continuation of economic inequalities.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the World Bank, the global poverty rate has been in decline in recent decades. In 1990, the percentage of the world's population living in extreme poverty was 36%, whereas in 2015 it had fallen to 10%. However, economic inequalities continue to persist and even widen in many countries.

Question 7

Separatist conflicts among various linguistic, ethnic, tribal, and religious groups in the former Soviet Union, Sri Lanka, and elsewhere are of no concern to peoples in the Western, industrialized nations because they are local conflicts that have no global implications.

Accepted Answer

Separatist conflicts in various regions can have global implications, such as creating instability, impacting trade and investment, and leading to refugee crises that can spill over into neighboring countries. Therefore, these conflicts should be of concern to all nations, including those in the Western, industrialized world.

Question 8

Since anthropology is primarily a theoretical field, it has little or nothing to offer in terms of helping solve global issues such as overpopulation, deforestation, and agricultural pollution.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Anthropology provides valuable insights into the cultural, social, and environmental factors that contribute to global issues such as overpopulation, deforestation, and agricultural pollution. Anthropologists can work with communities to develop sustainable practices and mitigate the negative impacts of these issues. Additionally, anthropology can inform policy and decision-making on a global scale.

Question 9

The Green Revolution has been beneficial to small farmers in every part of the world where it has been implemented.

Accepted Answer

While the Green Revolution has led to increased crop yields and improved food security in some areas, its benefits have also been unevenly distributed and have often favored large agribusinesses over small farmers. Additionally, the heavy use of pesticides and fertilizers associated with the Green Revolution has had negative environmental impacts.

Question 10

The success of the Green Revolution at Shahidpur in northern India cannot serve as a model for the implementation of this process in other areas of the world because this village was too isolated, small, and atypical of most rural areas in the Third World.

Accepted Answer

The success of the Green Revolution in Shahidpur and similar areas can serve as a model for other regions because it demonstrated how the introduction of high-yield crop varieties, along with improved irrigation and the use of fertilizers and pesticides, can significantly increase food production. This approach can be adapted and applied to various geographical and socio-economic contexts around the world, despite differences in local conditions.

Question 11

Western Samoans have received huge social and monetary benefits from multinational corporations wanting to exploit forests.

Accepted Answer

There is no evidence that Western Samoans have received significant benefits from multinational corporations exploiting forests in their country. In fact, there have been concerns raised about the environmental and social impacts of such activities.

Question 12

In China, the government penalizes urban couples who have more than one child.

Accepted Answer

The Chinese government implemented the One-Child Policy in 1979, which restricted urban couples to have only one child. The policy was relaxed in 2015, allowing couples to have two children if either parent is an only child. However, there are still penalties and financial restrictions imposed on urban couples who violate the policy.

Question 13

With the removal of government-controlled price restraints in Russia, the costs of food and other basic commodities went down.

Accepted Answer

The removal of government-controlled price restraints in Russia actually caused the costs of food and other basic commodities to go up, not down. This was due to a combination of factors such as inflation and hoarding by suppliers.

Question 14

It appears-from today's perspective-that global changes wrought by multinational corporations have had negative consequences for some developing countries.

Accepted Answer

There is evidence to suggest that multinational corporations have had negative consequences for some developing countries, such as exploitation of labor, environmental damage, and unequal distribution of wealth. However, it is also important to note that multinational corporations can bring economic growth and opportunities for development in some cases.

Question 15

Female infanticide has been virtually eliminated in China due to the one-child policy.

Accepted Answer

While the one-child policy, implemented from 1979 to 2015, aimed to control population growth in China, it did not eliminate female infanticide. The policy inadvertently contributed to a preference for male offspring, leading to gender imbalances and reports of female infanticide and neglect, as well as increased rates of abortions of female fetuses.

Question 16

According to the demographic-transition model, populations go through three stages of change in fertility and mortality rates.

Accepted Answer

The demographic-transition model describes three stages of change in fertility and mortality rates: pre-industrial, transitional, and modern.

Question 17

Switching from draft animals to tractors results is having a positive effect on the world's energy use.

Accepted Answer

Switching from draft animals to tractors increases the world's energy use because tractors require fossil fuels or electricity, whereas draft animals rely on renewable biomass.

Question 18

Anthropological research has shown that the Green Revolution has caused a number of unintended problems, such as widening the gap between the rich and the poor by displacing many small farmers and creating a landless peasant class.

Accepted Answer

Anthropological research has highlighted several unintended consequences of the Green Revolution, such as increased inequality due to the displacement of small farmers and the creation of a landless peasant class.

Question 19

The globalization of the world economy has had relatively little effect on core industrial societies such as the United States and Japan.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. The globalization of the world economy has had a significant impact on core industrial societies such as the United States and Japan, including outsourcing of jobs to other countries, increased competition from foreign firms, and changes in trade flows and investment patterns.

Question 20

Newly industrializing economies (NICs) in Asia have benefited from investments by multinational corporations.

Accepted Answer

Newly industrializing economies in Asia, such as South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, have attracted significant investments from multinational corporations. These investments have helped these countries develop their industries and infrastructure, creating jobs and driving economic growth.

Quiz 17: Contemporary Global Trends