Question 1

Which of the following is the primary focus of Healthy People 2020?
A) Improving the health of individuals
B) Improving the health of children
C) Improving the health of families
D) Improving the health of communities

Accepted Answer

Healthy People 2020 aims to improve the health of communities by setting goals and objectives related to various health topics such as chronic diseases, infectious diseases, environmental health, and injury and violence prevention. While improving the health of individuals, children, and families is also important, the primary focus of Healthy People 2020 is on improving the health of entire communities.

Question 2

What is an advantage of the holistic view of health valued by nurses?
A) Altering an individual's health beliefs to promote health
B) Identifying a state of optimal role functioning
C) Focusing on the interrelationship of all parts of a whole person
D) Emphasizing the environment

Accepted Answer

The holistic view of health valued by nurses emphasizes the interrelationship of all parts of a whole person, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. This approach recognizes that a person cannot be fully understood or treated by focusing on only one aspect of their health or wellbeing. By taking a holistic view, nurses can better address the complex needs of their patients and provide more comprehensive care.

Question 3

A nurse is assessing a patient's level of social support.How can the nurse best determine the adequacy of the patient's social support system?
A) Noticing the number of visitors the patient has
B) Asking for the patient's perception of support
C) Counting the number of community groups with which the patient is involved
D) Assessing the patient's family structure and roles

Accepted Answer

The best way to determine the adequacy of a patient's social support system is by asking for their perception of support. This allows the patient to express their own feelings and opinions about their support system, which may not be evident through observation of visitors or community involvement. Assessing family structure and roles can also provide helpful information, but may not be applicable or accurate for every patient.

Question 4

The nurse is interviewing the mother of a school-aged child.The mother states that their family consists of herself,her son,a female friend,and two foster children.One grandparent lives in another city,and one lives within two blocks of them.As the nurse works with this family,what implication is important to include?
A) As a single parent, the mother has multiple roles to fill and will become stressed.
B) As an extended family, all the children will receive attention from several adults.
C) This child will lack male attention because he lives in a single-parent family.
D) The quality of family life will be influenced because they are not a traditional family.

Accepted Answer

The family described consists of the mother, her son, a female friend, and two foster children. The presence of several adults provides an extended family situation, which can be beneficial to all the children in the family as they receive attention and support from multiple caregivers. The other options are incorrect as they impose stereotypes and assumptions on the family dynamic without any evidence to support them.

Question 5

Which of the following describes one of the five levels of human needs identified by Maslow?
A) Equilibration
B) Love and belonging
C) Growth and development
D) Adaptation

Accepted Answer

Love and belonging is one of the five levels of human needs identified by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory. This level includes the need for social interaction, companionship, and a sense of belonging to a group or community. It comes after physiological and safety needs, but before esteem and self-actualization needs.

Question 6

An adult has difficulty initiating a conversation,and in working with others always agrees with them because "My opinion is not important." Which of Maslow's basic needs is not being met by this person?
A) Basic physiologic needs
B) Love and belonging needs
C) Esteem needs
D) Self-actualization

Accepted Answer

The person's lack of self-esteem and confidence is evident in their difficulty in initiating conversations and their belief that their opinion is not important. This indicates that their esteem needs, which include self-confidence and respect from others, are not being met.

Question 7

A school-aged child with spina bifida uses a wheelchair,attends school,and is actively involved in Scouting and science club.This child is meeting which of Maslow's basic needs?
A) Safety needs
B) Love and belonging needs
C) Esteem needs
D) Self-actualization

Accepted Answer

The child's involvement in school, Scouting, and a science club indicates they are fulfilling their need for love and belonging by forming relationships and being part of a community.

Question 8

Who is credited with developing the theory on systems?
A) Rogers
B) Maslow
C) Rosenstock
D) von Bertalanffy

Accepted Answer

von Bertalanffy is credited with developing general systems theory, which he first introduced in 1937.

Question 9

How can nurses contribute to a healthier environment?
A) Supporting the purchase of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products
B) Teaching the benefits of using disposable diapers to new parents
C) Recommending the purchase of nondisposable products when possible
D) Leaving the computer on to reduce electrical use when rebooting

Accepted Answer

Nurses can contribute to a healthier environment by recommending the purchase of nondisposable products whenever possible. This reduces the amount of waste generated and promotes sustainable practices.

Answer: D (is incorrect)
 Leaving the computer on actually consumes unnecessary electricity and is not an effective way to reduce energy use.

Answer: A and B (are incorrect)
 PVC products are harmful to the environment and human health, and disposable diapers generate a significant amount of waste. Nurses should not support or promote the use of these products.

Question 10

A homeless man sleeps on a park bench and eats one meal a day at a shelter.Which is the lowest level of Maslow's basic needs he does not meet?
A) Basic physiologic needs
B) Safety needs
C) Love and belonging needs
D) Esteem needs

Accepted Answer

Basic physiologic needs are the most basic level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and they include food, water, shelter, and sleep. The homeless man in the question does not meet this need because he only eats one meal a day and sleeps on a park bench.

Question 11

Bandura's theory of self-efficacy described people's response to health-related behaviors.Which of the following was a major premise of this theory?
A) Patients will take responsibility for their health if they understand the risks and benefits.
B) A "cue to action" is a powerful motivator for changing health behavior.
C) Belief in self as having the ability to improve health is important in changing health behaviors.
D) Health is genetically predetermined and cannot be influenced by an individual's actions or beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Bandura's theory of self-efficacy emphasizes the importance of an individual's belief in their own ability to achieve a desired outcome. In the context of health behaviors, individuals who believe they have the ability to improve their health are more likely to take proactive steps towards improving their well-being. Option A is not a major premise of Bandura's theory, as understanding risks and benefits is just one component of self-efficacy beliefs. Option B is a concept from the Health Belief Model, which is a different theory altogether. Option D is a deterministic view of health that contradicts Bandura's belief in the importance of individual agency in behavior change.

Question 12

Which of the following is the World Health Organization's definition of "health"?
A) People in harmony with environment
B) A state of optimum functioning for an individual in the performance of roles and tasks
C) Physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity
D) Functioning at maximum potential with the environment

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization's definition of "health" is physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity. Choice A, B, and D are not accurate definitions according to the WHO.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of Maslow's basic need of self-actualization?
A) Once self-actualization is achieved, it is never lost.
B) Elderly people outgrow the need for self-expression and self-development.
C) Most people achieve self-actualization after all other needs are met.
D) People use their abilities to the fullest extent possible and are true to their nature.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's basic need of self-actualization refers to reaching one's full potential and utilizing one's abilities to the fullest extent possible. It is a continual process and not dependent on age, meaning that elderly people do not outgrow the need for self-expression and self-development. Additionally, self-actualization does not necessarily need to be achieved after all other needs are met, as it can be a concurrent process with other needs.

Question 14

Family structures have experienced change in the second half of the 20th century.What is the most dramatic difference seen in families today?
A) Increased incidence of single-parent families
B) Reemergence of large, extended families
C) Increased incidence of nuclear families
D) Nuclear families moving closer to extended families

Accepted Answer

The most dramatic difference seen in families today is the increased incidence of single-parent families. This is due to factors such as divorce, increased acceptance of single parenthood, and changes in societal norms.

Question 15

An 18-month-old child has been in three foster homes within the past 9 months.When the child is seen for a well-child visit,the nurse notices the child vigilantly watches everyone.This child may not have which of Maslow's basic needs met?
A) Basic physiologic needs
B) Safety needs
C) Love and belonging needs
D) Self-actualization

Accepted Answer

The child's vigilant behavior suggests a lack of safety and security, which are fundamental aspects of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Frequent changes in foster homes can disrupt the child's sense of safety and stability.

Question 16

A patient's spouse and son were recently killed in an automobile accident,and the patient's position in a large company has been eliminated due to corporate reorganization.The patient states,"I do not think I can handle this." The nurse could safely make the assumption that
A) the patient will soon develop clinical depression.
B) the patient needs hospitalization to foster adaptation.
C) environmental factors may have a negative impact on this person's health.
D) self-care will assure the patient's ability to readjust.

Accepted Answer

The statement "I do not think I can handle this" suggests that the patient is struggling with coping with recent traumatic events, and the loss of loved ones and job may have a negative impact on their overall health. Therefore, it would be safe to assume that environmental factors may have a negative impact on this person's health. It is important for the nurse to assess the patient's coping strategies and provide support and resources to help them adapt to the changes in their life. Hospitalization may not be necessary unless the patient is experiencing severe symptoms of depression or is at risk for self-harm. Self-care will also be important, but it may not be enough on its own to assure the patient's ability to readjust.

Question 17

Dynamic balance between systems and their parts is called
A) synergy.
B) homeostasis.
C) inertia.
D) suprasystems.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the ability of a system to maintain a stable internal balance by regulating its internal environment, even when faced with external changes. This involves a dynamic balance between the different parts of the system, which work together to maintain this equilibrium. Synergy refers to the interaction between different systems that leads to a combined effect that is greater than the sum of their separate effects. Inertia refers to the tendency of an object or system to resist changes in its motion or state. Suprasystems refer to a group of interrelated systems that work together to achieve a common goal. While all of these concepts are important in understanding systems, the best choice for the dynamic balance between systems and their parts is homeostasis.

Question 18

A nurse is caring for a new mother from Southeast Asia.The nurse is concerned that except for breastfeeding,the mother allows her mother-in-law to provide all other care for the baby.The plan of care and patient teaching for this mother should include
A) assessing the postpartum practices in her country of origin.
B) assuming that the mother-in-law will care for the baby well since she is experienced.
C) completing the teaching outlined for new mothers.
D) asking the mother-in-law not to care for the baby so that the mother learns the care.

Accepted Answer

It is important to assess the postpartum practices in the mother's country of origin to understand her cultural beliefs and values related to infant care. This will help the nurse to respect and incorporate these practices into the mother's plan of care. Cultural competence is an essential aspect of providing patient-centered care.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of open systems?
A) They have very little interaction with the environment.
B) Parts are independent of each other.
C) Exchange of information is sporadic and intermittent.
D) The whole is greater than the sum of all of its parts.

Accepted Answer

Open systems are characterized by their constant interaction with their environment, meaning they are not closed off or self-contained. The parts of open systems are interdependent, meaning they cannot function independently without affecting the functioning of the system as a whole. This interdependence allows for exchange of information, energy, or materials, making the system greater than the sum of its parts. Hence, the correct answer is D - the whole is greater than the sum of all of its parts.

Question 20

An adult wears a helmet when riding a bicycle because he believes that his cycling skills might not prevent an accident,which could result in a head injury with serious consequences.Which component of the health beliefs model is this person demonstrating?
A) Knowledge that cycling is good exercise and improves health
B) Perception of vulnerability to head injury from a bicycle accident
C) Concern about his cycling skills
D) Belief that individuals should prevent injuries

Accepted Answer

The person is demonstrating a perception of vulnerability to head injury from a bicycle accident, which is one of the components of the health beliefs model.

Quiz 8: Conceptual and Philosophical Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice

Which of the following is the primary focus of Healthy People 2020?

What is an advantage of the holistic view of health valued by nurses?

A nurse is assessing a patient's level of social support.How can the nurse best determine the adequacy of the patient's social support system?

Which of the following describes one of the five levels of human needs identified by Maslow?

An adult has difficulty initiating a conversation,and in working with others always agrees with them because "My opinion is not important." Which of Maslow's basic needs is not being met by this person?

A school-aged child with spina bifida uses a wheelchair,attends school,and is actively involved in Scouting and science club.This child is meeting which of Maslow's basic needs?

Who is credited with developing the theory on systems?

How can nurses contribute to a healthier environment?

A homeless man sleeps on a park bench and eats one meal a day at a shelter.Which is the lowest level of Maslow's basic needs he does not meet?

Bandura's theory of self-efficacy described people's response to health-related behaviors.Which of the following was a major premise of this theory?

Which of the following is the World Health Organization's definition of "health"?

Which of the following is true of Maslow's basic need of self-actualization?

Family structures have experienced change in the second half of the 20th century.What is the most dramatic difference seen in families today?

An 18-month-old child has been in three foster homes within the past 9 months.When the child is seen for a well-child visit,the nurse notices the child vigilantly watches everyone.This child may not have which of Maslow's basic needs met?

A patient's spouse and son were recently killed in an automobile accident,and the patient's position in a large company has been eliminated due to corporate reorganization.The patient states,"I do not think I can handle this." The nurse could safely make the assumption that

Dynamic balance between systems and their parts is called

A nurse is caring for a new mother from Southeast Asia.The nurse is concerned that except for breastfeeding,the mother allows her mother-in-law to provide all other care for the baby.The plan of care and patient teaching for this mother should include

Which of the following is true of open systems?

An adult wears a helmet when riding a bicycle because he believes that his cycling skills might not prevent an accident,which could result in a head injury with serious consequences.Which component of the health beliefs model is this person demonstrating?