Question 1

In a fetus,blood from the right atrium can flow freely to the left atrium through the ________,thus bypassing the pulmonary circuit.

Accepted Answer

The foramen ovale is a small opening between the right and left atria in the fetal heart. It allows the majority of the blood to bypass the nonfunctional lungs and flow directly into the left atrium for systemic circulation. After birth, the foramen ovale usually closes and becomes the fossa ovalis.

Question 2

The palmar venous arches drain into the ________,which is superficial and runs along the medial upper limb.

Accepted Answer

The basilic vein runs along the medial upper limb and is superficial. The palmar venous arches drain into it. The other veins listed either do not run along the medial upper limb or are not superficial.

Question 3

Supply the name of the missing vein in this sequence: axillary vein,subclavian vein,

Accepted Answer

The axillary vein leads to the subclavian vein, which then leads to the brachiocephalic vein. The other choices do not fit into this sequence.

Question 4

The strong pulse that is felt by pressing gently along either side of the trachea usually indicates the location of the

Accepted Answer

The external carotid artery is the artery that runs along either side of the trachea and can be felt as a strong pulse when gently pressed. The internal carotid artery is located deeper in the neck and cannot be easily felt. The vertebral artery runs through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae and is not palpable on the surface. The vertebral vein and cephalic vein are also not located along the trachea.

Question 5

On their way toward the liver,veins from the spleen,the lateral border of the stomach,and the pancreas fuse with the inferior mesenteric veins,forming the

Accepted Answer

Veins from the spleen, the lateral border of the stomach, and the pancreas fuse with the inferior mesenteric vein to form the splenic vein before entering the liver.

Question 6

Which age-related change is defined as the formation of a stationary blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Thrombus is the formation of a stationary blood clot, typically due to a disruption in the normal flow of blood through a vessel. Aneurysm is the abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, pulmonary embolism is a blockage of the pulmonary artery by a blood clot, atherosclerotic plaque is the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, and myocardial infarction is the death of heart muscle due to a lack of blood supply.

Question 7

Surgeons often use segments of the ________ as a bypass vessel during coronary bypass surgery.

Accepted Answer

The great saphenous vein is often used as a bypass vessel during coronary bypass surgery as it has a large diameter and can be easily harvested from the leg. The other options given are not typically used as bypass vessels in this type of surgery.

Question 8

At the ankle,the anterior tibial artery becomes the ________ artery.

Accepted Answer

The anterior tibial artery becomes the dorsalis pedis artery at the ankle, which supplies blood to the dorsum (top) of the foot.

Question 9

Most of the blood leaving the brain passes through one of the dural sinuses and leaves the skull in one of the ________,descending parallel to the common carotid artery in the neck.

Accepted Answer

Most of the blood leaving the brain passes through one of the dural sinuses and leaves the skull in one of the internal jugular veins, which descend parallel to the common carotid artery in the neck. The external jugular veins are not directly related to the blood leaving the brain, the superior sagittal sinuses drain into the confluence of sinuses and not directly into veins, and the vertebral veins are not the main drainage route for blood leaving the brain. The cephalic veins are located in the arms and not related to the drainage of blood from the brain.

Question 10

The protruding bellies associated with malnourished children are due to edema in the abdominal cavity,which is particularly distensible.Explain the connection between malnourishment and such an edema.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The protruding bellies associated with malnourished children...

Question 11

Regarding the placental blood supply,blood that bypasses the liver capillaries reaches the inferior vena cava within the

Accepted Answer

Blood that bypasses the liver capillaries reaches the inferior vena cava through the ductus venosus. This is a fetal blood vessel that allows most of the oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to bypass the liver, as the liver is not functional until birth.

Question 12

Vertebral veins

Accepted Answer

Vertebral veins drain the posterior surface of the skull and descend within the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae.

Question 13

Which of the following is a short-circuit that exists between the pulmonary and aortic trunks in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The ductus arteriosus is a short-circuit between the pulmonary and aortic trunks in the fetus, allowing blood to bypass the non-functioning lungs. It normally closes shortly after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale is a hole in the heart between the right and left atria that allows blood to bypass the lungs, but it typically closes shortly after birth and becomes the fossa ovalis. The ductus venosus is a blood vessel that shunts blood away from the liver in the fetus, but it also closes shortly after birth.

Question 14

The phrenic arteries

Accepted Answer

The phrenic arteries deliver blood to the diaphragm, which is their primary function.

Question 15

The ________ is the vessel from which venous blood samples are typically collected.

Accepted Answer

The median cubital vein is most commonly used for venous blood collection because it is relatively large, located near the surface of the skin, and with lower risk of nerve or artery damage. The basilic and brachial veins are also used occasionally, but have higher risk of complications. The radial and ulnar veins are smaller and deeper, and usually not suitable for routine venous blood draws.

Question 16

Considering the arterial supply to the brain,the basilar artery immediately gives rise to the ________ arteries.

Accepted Answer

The basilar artery immediately gives rise to the left and right posterior cerebral arteries, which supply oxygenated blood to the posterior portions of the brain, including the occipital lobes and parts of the temporal lobe. The vertebral arteries contribute to the formation of the basilar artery and do not directly arise from it. The anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid arteries and do not directly stem from the basilar artery. The external carotid artery supplies blood to the face and scalp, not to the brain.

Question 17

The internal iliac artery supplies the

Accepted Answer

The internal iliac artery is responsible for supplying the smaller arteries of the pelvis, including the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum. It does not supply the lower limb (which is supplied by the external iliac artery), spinal cord and abdominal wall (which are supplied by the lumbar arteries), adrenal glands (which are supplied by the renal arteries), or kidneys (which are supplied by the renal arteries).

Question 18

Which of the following is a remnant of a short,muscular blood vessel that existed in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus, a short, muscular blood vessel that connected the pulmonary trunk directly to the aorta in the fetus. After birth, the ductus arteriosus closes and forms the ligamentum arteriosum, which is a fibrous band that connects the aortic arch to the pulmonary trunk.

Question 19

Emanating from the descending thoracic aorta,the vessels that supply blood to the vertebral column area and the body wall are called the

Accepted Answer

The intercostal arteries originate from the descending thoracic aorta and supply blood to the vertebral column area and the body wall.

Question 20

The distribution of arteries and veins on the left and right sides of the body is usually identical.One notable exception is the ________ vein.

Accepted Answer

The azygous vein is the exception as it is located only on the right side of the body, draining blood from the posterior intercostal veins, hemiazygos vein, and accessory hemiazygos vein before emptying into the superior vena cava.

Quiz 13: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation