Question 1

The dairy group includes butter and cream because they are high in calcium, riboflavin, and protein.

Accepted Answer

High-fat products such as butter and cream are not included in the dairy products group, because they are not high in calcium, riboflavin, and protein.

Question 2

It is difficult for consumers to identify whole grain products, because labeling is inconsistent and color is a poor indicator.

Accepted Answer

The difficulty in identifying whole grains is a major barrier to consuming adequate amounts of whole grains. Descriptive labels such as "100% wheat," "stone ground," and "multigrain" do not guarantee whole grain. In addition, color is a poor indicator because molasses or caramel food coloring may be added.

Question 3

Consumption of milk and milk products can promote the achievement of peak bone mass in children and adolescents. Studies indicate that higher dairy consumption is associated with decreased dental caries, but has no effect on periodontal disease.

Accepted Answer

Studies indicate that higher dairy consumption correlates with decreased prevalence and severity of both dental caries and periodontal health.

Question 4

Each of the following is true of obesity except one. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Statistics are discouraging in ethnic groups (Hispanics, African Americans, Native Americans, and Alaska natives) because the prevalence of obesity is markedly higher than in white Americans.

Question 5

Surveys show that most Americans eat only about half of the recommended vegetables per week. The high water and high-fiber content of vegetables counteract the low levels of cholesterol present in many dark-green vegetables.

Accepted Answer

Vegetables do not contain cholesterol. They are primary sources of the required nutrients dietary fiber, vitamin A (carotenoids), vitamin C, folic acid, and potassium. The total amount of red, orange, and dark-green vegetables recommended per week is 7 cups, but surveys show that most American eat only about 3.5 cups per week.

Question 6

Each of the following is true of terminology on food nutrition labels except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

For ease of labeling, although nutrient label information uses the term daily value, the amounts for the nutrients are based on the reference daily intake (RDI). Recall that the RDI is usually larger than the RDA for a specific age/gender group.

Question 7

Each of the following accurately describes features of MyPlate except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

MyPlate provides more specific and personalized dietary guidance to help individuals achieve a healthful lifestyle through better eating and increased physical activity. It is more specific in certain areas than MyPyramid was. In addition, MyPlate is designed as a food guidance tool for the general public and not a therapeutic diet for any specific health condition.

Question 8

Current scientific evidence shows that most people consume only half the required amount of protein. Protein supplements promoted to increase muscle mass contain several amino acids not easily absorbed from foods.

Accepted Answer

Most people consume approximately twice as much protein as they need. Although this may not be harmful, high-fat meats may be an undesirable source of kilocalories, cholesterol, and fatty acids. Protein supplements do not contain nutrients important for health other than what foods provide. These should be used only after consulting a healthcare provider or registered dietitian.

Question 9

Which of the following food provides the most protein?

Accepted Answer

Beans are an unusual vegetable because they are in both the vegetable and protein groups. Beans contain protein, fiber, calcium, folic acid, and potassium.

Question 10

Each of the following is true of dietary considerations from the milk and milk product groups except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Whole milk and many cheeses are high in saturated fat and can have negative health consequences. Low-fat or fat-free milk products provide little or no fat and should be chosen most often to avoid consuming more kilocalories than needed.

Question 11

The Nutrition Facts Panel on brownie mix shows the following: 1 serving is one twentieth of the mix. Each serving contains 120 calories, 20 calories from fat, 17 g of sugar, and 10 g of protein. What is the approximate percentage of sugar in the brownie mix?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 57% of the brownie mix is sugar. This is calculated by (1) multiplying the number of grams of sugar in a product by 4 kcal/g, (2) dividing this number by the total number of kilocalories per serving, and (3) multiplying by 100 to establish the percentage of calories as sugar. Note that the label incorrectly uses the term calorie; the correct term is kilocalorie.

Question 12

The process of restoring iron, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, and niacin removed during processing to approximately their original levels is called:

Accepted Answer

The process of restoring nutrients removed during processing is called enrichment. This process is controlled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USDA), which establishes the quantity of nutrients that can be added. White bread is an example of a highly enriched product. Fortification is the process of adding nutrients not present in the natural product or increasing the amount above that in the original product. Satiety is the feeling of fullness provided by food. Fats provide more satiety than do lean proteins. Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone that is suppressed by proteins better than by carbohydrates and lipids.

Question 13

Macronutrients include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins and minerals are considered micronutrients. Macronutrients are defined as being the classes of chemical compounds humans consume in the largest quantities and which provide bulk energy. Conversely, micronutrients are needed by the body in small amounts.

Question 14

The messages of MyPlate convey include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Although any fruit or 100% fruit juice counts as part of the fruit group, MyPlate suggests that people minimize fruit juice. Because of their fiber content, fresh, frozen, canned, or dried fruits are recommended. Note that the physical activity tab has links that discuss methods for incorporating an individualized exercise plan. The "Super Tracker" and MyJournal can help to plan, analyze, and track food intake and physical activity. Note that milk products, especially fat-free or low-fat, should be incorporated

Question 15

Each of the following is true regarding body weight in relation to height except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Although BMI is the current preferred method of evaluating weight in relation to height, it has inherent weaknesses as a diagnostic guide. For example, a frail or inactive person with a normal-range BMI can have excess body fat and not appear out of shape. BMI reflects overall fat distribution and is cheap and quick. BMI is not appropriate for pregnant and nursing women, infants, and children younger than age 2 years, nor is it appropriate for some athletes with a large percentage of muscle.

Question 16

Unsweetened juices and milk contain significant amounts of sugars because of the natural content of simple carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

This is confusing for some patients because both beverages are encouraged in appropriate amounts. Looking at "sugars" on the label can be misleading, whereas the total carbohydrate in the product more closely reflects actual carbohydrate content.

Question 17

Which bread has the most magnesium?

Accepted Answer

Whole wheat bread has 23 mg of magnesium per serving whereas enriched white, whole grain, and rye contain 7, 20, and 13 mg respectively.

Question 18

The nutrient facts panel was established by the USDA and the FDA to improve health and well-being by enhancing nutritional knowledge. Nutrient content claims describe a relationship between a food or food component and reduced risk of a disease or health-related condition.

Accepted Answer

Two categories of claims currently can be used on food labels: nutrient content claims and health claims. Nutrient content claims describe the percentage of a nutrient in a product relative to the daily value. Health claims describe a relationship between a food or food component and reduced risk of a disease or health-related condition.

Question 19

Each of the following daily reference values (DRVs) is correct except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

The daily reference value for fiber is 25 g. Note that the daily reference values (DRVs) do not appear on the nutrient label. Instead the term daily value appears on the label for ease of understanding and reflects the DRV and the DRI standards to encourage a healthy diet. In addition, the DRI for protein has been established for certain groups. The 50 g of protein in the DRV is for adults and children older than 4 years of age only.

Question 20

Qualified health claims must be supported by qualified experts because although they are supported by some evidence, they do not meet the scientific standard.

Accepted Answer

Health claims on foods are limited and regulated in an effort to protect consumers. Although qualified health claims are supported by some evidence, they do not meet scientific standards. For this reason, qualified claims must be accompanied by a disclaimer as specified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Such a health claim must use the exact wording specified by the FDA. The other type of health claim, unqualified, must be supported by qualified experts agreeing that a relationship exists between the nutrient and product and a specific disease.

Quiz 1: Overview of Healthy Eating Habits