Question 1

Ideal foods to recommend to patients to increase their fiber intake include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Oatmeal cookies provide very little fiber, only one gram per two cookies, and a large number of calories. The remaining selections provide significantly higher levels of fiber with fewer calories.

Question 2

When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight, which nutrients are most likely to become insufficient?

Accepted Answer

When complex carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet, an insufficient intake of B vitamins, iron, and fiber can occur. Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides and contain more than 10 monosaccharides.

Question 3

Increasing whole grains in the diet can lead to improved gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health. Although increasing whole grains can improve periodontal conditions, it has insignificant impact on caries rates.

Accepted Answer

Increasing whole grain consumption would have a positive effect upon caries potential because a high-fiber diet decreases the potential for acidic pH changes.

Question 4

Vegetables such as lettuce, celery, and broccoli have the potential to cause acid production or demineralization of enamel because they contain carbohydrate.

Accepted Answer

Although vegetables such as lettuce, celery, and broccoli contain carbohydrate, they do not have the potential to cause acid production or demineralization of enamel. The difference is the carbohydrate in such vegetables is not fermentable.

Question 5

MyPlate includes a separate section for sugars because high sugar consumption equates with a poor quality diet.

Accepted Answer

MyPlate does not include a separate section for sugars; added sugars are included in the discretionary kilocalories because they contain only kilocalories. High sugar consumption does not equate with a poor-quality diet, nor do lower amounts necessarily guarantee that a diet meets dietary guidelines.

Question 6

Nonessential amino acids are produced by the liver. Portions of the carbon framework from the sugar molecule and oxidized fats are utilized in this process.

Accepted Answer

Oxidized fats are involved in the production of ketone bodies in the liver. The protein molecules contributed by the breakdown of an amino acid are utilized in production of nonessential amino acids. Also involved in production of nonessential amino acids are portions of the carbon framework from the sugar molecule. Nonessential amino acids are essential to the body, but are not required in the diet.

Question 7

Carbohydrate metabolism requires an adequate supply of B vitamins and two minerals-calcium and magnesium. Usually, adequate amounts of nutrients accompany carbohydrate intake except when refined sugars and breads are the predominant choices.

Accepted Answer

The two minerals required for carbohydrate metabolism are phosphorous and magnesium. The remaining information correctly describes vitamin and mineral requirements for carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 8

Dietary fiber, especially hemicellulose and cellulose, is furnished by grain products such as wheat, corn, rice, and oats. The fiber content of foods claiming "whole-grain" must have more than 5 g of fiber per serving.

Accepted Answer

The fiber content of foods claiming "whole-grain" varies significantly and is low (3 g) in many cases. A product containing less than 3 g dietary fiber cannot be considered a good source of fiber. Dietary fibers are also provided by rye, barley, buckwheat, millet, and some vegetables.

Question 9

For individuals with diabetes, a blood glucose level before meals that is greater than 130 mg/dL is considered hypoglycemic. A blood glucose level that is less than 70 mg/dL is hyperglycemia.

Accepted Answer

The terminology is reversed. A blood glucose level before meals that is greater than 130 mg/dL is hyperglycemic. A blood glucose level that is less than 70 mg/dL is hypoglycemic. After a meal, a blood glucose level greater than 180 mg/dL is considered hyperglycemic.

Quiz 4: Carbohydrate: the Efficient Fuel