Question 1

The spread of the averages around the average of averages in a sampling distribution is called the ____.
A)standard deviation
B)variance
C)standard error
D)sampling error

Accepted Answer

The spread of the averages around the average of averages in a sampling distribution is called the standard error, which indicates the degree of variability or dispersion of the sampling distribution. The standard deviation is a measure of the variability of a population, while the variance measures how far a set of numbers is spread out. Sampling error refers to the difference between a sample statistic and its corresponding population parameter.

Question 2

In ____ sampling,the major subgroups of the population are represented in equal amounts.
A)proportional quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Accepted Answer

Proportional quota sampling is a method in which the sample is selected in such a way that the major subgroups of the population are represented in equal proportions in the sample as they are in the population. This method ensures that the sample is indeed representative of the population, and reduces the risk of bias in the sample selection process.

Question 3

When sampling is done to find certain types of people,such as people who have been married for at least two years,the sample is most likely a(n)____ sample.
A)quota
B)purposive
C)modal instance
D)expert

Accepted Answer

A purposive sample is chosen based on specific characteristics or traits, such as marital status in this case. It is not a random or representative sample, but rather intentional in selecting individuals who meet certain criteria. Therefore, it is the most likely type of sample used to find people who have been married for at least two years.

Question 4

The best estimate of a population parameter is the ____.
A)standard error
B)sample statistic
C)sample parameter
D)standard statistic

Accepted Answer

The best estimate of a population parameter is the sample statistic, which refers to a measure calculated from the sample data that is used to estimate a corresponding measure of the population. The other options are not estimates of population parameters but rather measures of variability or characteristics of the sample data itself.

Question 5

An experiment conducted by a college professor with introductory psychology students from his school as the subjects is most likely to be using a(n)____ sample.
A)convenience
B)purposive
C)modal instance
D)heterogeneity

Accepted Answer

A convenience sample is one in which participants are chosen based on their availability and willingness to participate. In this case, the college professor likely chose his introductory psychology students because they were easily accessible to him.

Question 6

In a sample that interviews only some of the individuals in a population,the mean or average income is properly termed a(n)____.
A)statistic
B)parameter
C)tendency
D)true value

Accepted Answer

A statistic is a numerical summary of a sample, such as the mean income of individuals who were interviewed in a survey. A parameter, on the other hand, is a numerical summary of a population, which would be unknown unless the entire population were to be surveyed. Tendency and true value are not typically used to describe statistical measures.

Question 7

Assume that the scores on a test of anxiety are normally distributed.Assume that the mean score is 6 and the standard error is 0.25.About 68% of the scores will fall in the range ____. A)5.75 to 6.25 B)5.5 to 6.5 C)5.25 to 6.75 D)5.0 to 7.0

Accepted Answer

The range of one standard deviation from the mean (which includes about 68% of the data in a normal distribution) is calculated as mean ± standard error, which is 6 ± 0.25, resulting in the range 5.75 to 6.25.

Question 8

A ____ indicates the upper and lower bounds of the estimate of a statistic.
A)span of variability
B)probability interval
C) 
Range​
D)confidence interval

Accepted Answer

A confidence interval indicates the upper and lower bounds of the estimate of a statistic with a certain level of confidence (typically 95% or 99%). It is a more specific term than the other options listed.

Question 9

In sampling notation,N refers to the ____.
A)number of cases in the sampling frame
B)number of cases in the sample
C)number of possible subsets
D)sampling fraction

Accepted Answer

N refers to the number of cases in the sampling frame, which is the list or source of individuals or elements from which the sample will be drawn. It is important to accurately define and have access to the sampling frame in order to ensure that the sample is representative of the population of interest.

Question 10

If you are dealing with raw data and you can assume a ____,you can predict the intervals within which 68,95,and 99 percent of your cases would be expected to fall if you know the mean and standard deviation of a sample.
A)normal distribution
B)random sample
C)representative sample
D)bivariate distribution

Accepted Answer

The statement describes the properties of a normal distribution, which is characterized by its mean and standard deviation. Therefore, if we assume a normal distribution, we can use the empirical rule to estimate the percentage of cases within certain intervals of the mean. This rule states that approximately 68% of cases fall within one standard deviation of the mean, about 95% within two standard deviations, and almost all (99.7%) within three standard deviations. Random sample, representative sample, and bivariate distribution are not relevant to the question.

Question 11

Any sample that focuses on diversity or variety is known as a(n)____ sample.
A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Accepted Answer

A sample that focuses on diversity or variety is known as a heterogeneity sample. Heterogeneous sampling aims to capture a wide range of variations to ensure that the sample represents the entire population in terms of diversity. Quota sampling refers to selecting participants based on pre-determined quotas. Snowball sampling involves selecting participants based on referrals from other participants in the sample. Expert sampling involves selecting participants who have specialized knowledge or expertise in a particular field.

Question 12

Any sampling method in which sampling continues until a specific number of sampled units for each subgroup of a population have been included is called a(n)____ sample.
A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Accepted Answer

A quota sample is specifically designed to ensure that a specific number of sampled units are included from each subgroup of a population. This allows for a representative sample to be gathered while ensuring that each subgroup is adequately represented. Snowball sampling is a technique where participants recruit other participants, heterogeneity sampling is a method of intentionally selecting a diverse sample, and expert sampling involves selecting participants who are considered experts in a particular field or topic. None of these methods involve selecting a specific number of sampled units for each subgroup of a population.

Question 13

A sample that starts with subjects known to the experimenter,and is enlarged by adding subjects known to the first set of subjects and so on,is a(n)____ sample.
A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Accepted Answer

The described sample is a snowball sample, where subjects are added to the sample based on referrals from the initial set of subjects.

Question 14

In sampling notation,_NC_n refers to the ____. A)number of cases in the sampling frame B)number of cases in the sample C)number of possible subsets D)sampling fraction

Accepted Answer

The answer of In sampling notation,_NC_n refers to the ____. A)number...

Question 15

A sample that includes individuals with known qualifications or experiences is known as a(n)____ sample.
A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Accepted Answer

An expert sample includes individuals with known qualifications or experiences in a particular field. They are chosen based on their expertise in a specific area, rather than randomly selecting individuals from a larger population. This type of sample is often used in research studies that require in-depth knowledge and understanding of a topic, such as medical or legal research. Quota sampling involves selecting individuals based on certain desired characteristics, snowball sampling involves selecting individuals based on referrals from other participants, and heterogeneity sampling involves selecting individuals with diverse characteristics to represent a larger population.

Question 16

A clinical trial is most likely to use a ____ sample.
A)nonprobability
B)probability
C)random
D)simple

Accepted Answer

The answer of A clinical trial is most likely to...

Question 17

Assume that the scores on a test of visual memory are normally distributed.Assume that the mean score is 10 and the standard error is 0.5.About 95% will fall in the range ____. A)9.5 to 10.5 B)9.0 to 11.0 C)8.5 to 11.5 D)8.0 to 12.0

Accepted Answer

The range that includes 95% of the scores can be found using the formula: 
Mean ± 1.96 * standard error.

Substituting the values given, we get:

10 ± 1.96 * 0.5 = 9.02 to 10.98 (rounded to nearest tenth)

Therefore, the best choice is B, which includes this range.

Question 18

In a census that interviews all individuals in a population,the mean or average income is properly termed a(n)____.
A)statistic
B)parameter
C)tendency
D)true value

Accepted Answer

A parameter refers to a numerical measurement that describes a characteristic of a population. In this case, the mean income of the entire population is a parameter because all individuals in the population are included in the census. A statistic, on the other hand, refers to a numerical measurement that describes a characteristic of a sample. Tendency and true value are not relevant terms in this context.

Question 19

The theoretical distribution of an infinite number of samples of the population of interest in a study is called a(n)____ distribution.
A)probabilistic
B)sampling
C)likelihood
D)error

Accepted Answer

The theoretical distribution of an infinite number of samples of the population of interest in a study is called a sampling distribution. This concept is fundamental in statistics for making inferences about the population from sample data.

Question 20

Following a natural disaster,interviewers seek out "typical" victims to ask them about their experiences.In doing so,they are seeking a(n)____ sample.
A)convenience
B)purposive
C)modal instance
D)expert

Accepted Answer

Modal instance sampling involves selecting "typical" cases or individuals that exemplify the larger population, which aligns with the scenario of seeking out "typical" victims for interviews.

Quiz 4: Sampling Foundations of Sampling

The spread of the averages around the average of averages in a sampling distribution is called the ____.

In ____ sampling,the major subgroups of the population are represented in equal amounts.

When sampling is done to find certain types of people,such as people who have been married for at least two years,the sample is most likely a(n) ____ sample.

The best estimate of a population parameter is the ____.

An experiment conducted by a college professor with introductory psychology students from his school as the subjects is most likely to be using a(n) ____ sample.

In a sample that interviews only some of the individuals in a population,the mean or average income is properly termed a(n) ____.

Assume that the scores on a test of anxiety are normally distributed.Assume that the mean score is 6 and the standard error is 0.25.About 68% of the scores will fall in the range ____.

A ____ indicates the upper and lower bounds of the estimate of a statistic.

In sampling notation,N refers to the ____.

If you are dealing with raw data and you can assume a ____,you can predict the intervals within which 68,95,and 99 percent of your cases would be expected to fall if you know the mean and standard deviation of a sample.

Any sample that focuses on diversity or variety is known as a(n) ____ sample.

Any sampling method in which sampling continues until a specific number of sampled units for each subgroup of a population have been included is called a(n) ____ sample.

A sample that starts with subjects known to the experimenter,and is enlarged by adding subjects known to the first set of subjects and so on,is a(n) ____ sample.

In sampling notation,_NC_n refers to the ____.

A sample that includes individuals with known qualifications or experiences is known as a(n) ____ sample.

A clinical trial is most likely to use a ____ sample.

Assume that the scores on a test of visual memory are normally distributed.Assume that the mean score is 10 and the standard error is 0.5.About 95% will fall in the range ____.

In a census that interviews all individuals in a population,the mean or average income is properly termed a(n) ____.

The theoretical distribution of an infinite number of samples of the population of interest in a study is called a(n) ____ distribution.

Following a natural disaster,interviewers seek out "typical" victims to ask them about their experiences.In doing so,they are seeking a(n) ____ sample.