Question 1

An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for which kind of disease?

Accepted Answer

An apple-shaped fat pattern, where fat is mainly accumulated around the midsection, increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. This is because abdominal fat leads to the buildup of plaque in arteries, which can increase blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

Question 2

A limitation in using the body mass index is that it

Accepted Answer

The body mass index only takes into account a person's weight and height and does not differentiate between the weight contributed by fat and that by muscles. Therefore, it may misclassify individuals with a high muscle mass as obese, while still being healthy. This is a significant limitation of the body mass index.

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of our total energy output is attributable to the thermic effect of food?

Accepted Answer

The thermic effect of food refers to the energy expenditure that occurs during digestion, absorption, and utilization of nutrients from food. This energy expenditure accounts for about 5-10% of our total daily energy expenditure, making option A the most accurate answer.

Question 4

Research studies have shown that the risk for developing type 2 diabetes and hypertension begins to increase at a BMI greater than

Accepted Answer

According to the research studies, the risk for developing type 2 diabetes and hypertension begins to increase at a BMI greater than 30 kg/m², which is classified as obesity. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 5

The three components of total energy expenditure are

Accepted Answer

The three components of total energy expenditure are basal metabolic rate (which accounts for the majority of energy expenditure at rest), physical activity (which varies based on level of activity), and the thermic effect of food (which is the energy required for digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food). Adaptive thermogenesis is a fourth component that can impact energy expenditure, but it is not considered as one of the core components of total energy expenditure. Sleep activity, while important for overall health and well-being, does not contribute significantly to energy expenditure.

Question 6

In a state of energy balance

Accepted Answer

In a state of energy balance, the energy consumed through food and drinks is exactly equal to the energy expended by the body through physical activity and other metabolic processes. This means that there is no net gain or loss of energy in the body, resulting in stable body weight over time.

Question 7

Serena is 5'8" tall and weighs 180 pounds.Serena's BMI indicates that she is

Accepted Answer

Serena's BMI can be calculated by dividing her weight in kilograms by her height in meters squared. Converting her height to meters (1.72 m) and her weight to kilograms (81.6 kg), her BMI is calculated as 27.6, which falls in the overweight category according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Question 8

Body mass index (BMI)is BEST described as

Accepted Answer

BMI is calculated by dividing an individual's body weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. This provides a ratio of an individual's body weight to their height squared, which is used to classify individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.

Question 9

Which nutrient requires the LEAST amount of energy to digest,transport,and store?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which nutrient requires the LEAST amount of...

Question 10

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting,absorbing,transporting,metabolizing,and storing nutrients is called

Accepted Answer

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called the thermic effect of food. It is also known as specific dynamic action (SDA) or dietary-induced thermogenesis (DIT). It varies depending on the macronutrient composition of the meal, with protein requiring the most energy to digest and fat requiring the least. The thermic effect of food represents around 5-10% of the total daily energy expenditure in most individuals.

Question 11

Which of the following individuals would MOST likely have the lowest basal metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by very low food intake, resulting in a slowed metabolism and a lower basal metabolic rate. This means that the woman's body will burn fewer calories at rest than the other individuals listed.

Question 12

Lance would like to lose two pounds a week.If his present energy intake is 4,200 kcal a day and his energy expenditure does not change,how many kilocalories should he consume each day to achieve his goal?

Accepted Answer

To lose two pounds a week, Lance needs to create a calorie deficit of 7,000 kcal per week (2 pounds x 3,500 kcal per pound). To achieve this, he needs to consume 1,000 fewer kcal per day than his current intake of 4,200 kcal per day (7,000 kcal/7 days = 1,000 kcal per day). Therefore, he should consume 3,200 kcal per day (4,200 kcal - 1,000 kcal = 3,200 kcal). Choice C is the only option that is close to this value, making it the best choice.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered a basal function?

Accepted Answer

Walking up stairs is not considered a basal function because it requires additional effort and is not necessary for basic bodily functions. Basal functions are those that occur automatically and are essential to maintaining life, such as respiration, circulation, and maintaining body temperature.

Question 14

A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called

Accepted Answer

Morbid obesity is defined as a body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height, indicating a very high amount of excess weight that may pose significant health risks.

Question 15

In men,a waist-to-hip ratio higher than what is associated with an increased risk for chronic disease?

Accepted Answer

In men, a waist-to-hip ratio higher than 0.90 is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. This ratio is used as an indicator of obesity and abdominal fat distribution.

Question 16

Benjamin is an 18-year-old college student who is 5'10" tall and weighs 170 pounds.How many kilocalories does he expend each day for basal metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To calculate basal metabolic rate (BMR), we need to use the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation:

BMR = (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) + 5

First, we need to convert Benjamin's weight and height from imperial units to metric units:

Weight: 170 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 77.3 kg 
Height: 5'10" = 177.8 cm

Now we can plug these values into the equation:

BMR = (10 × 77.3) + (6.25 × 177.8) - (5 × 18) + 5 
BMR = 1,855.025

Therefore, Benjamin expends approximately 1,855 kilocalories per day for basal metabolism.

Question 17

Robin's dinner contains 750 kilocalories.What is the minimum number of kilocalories that Robin will expend in order to process this meal?

Accepted Answer

The thermic effect of food (TEF) is typically about 5-10% of the total caloric intake. For a 750 kcal meal, 5% is 37.5 kcal, so the minimum number of kilocalories expended would be approximately 38 kcal.

Question 18

The label on a ready-to-eat cereal box indicates that a 1-cup serving contains 32 grams of carbohydrate,4 grams of protein,and 2 grams of fat.How many kilocalories are there in a cup of this cereal?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/gram, and fats provide 9 kcal/gram. Therefore, the cereal contains (32g x 4) + (4g x 4) + (2g x 9) = 128 + 16 + 18 = 162 kilocalories.

Question 19

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual's

Accepted Answer

Lean body mass, which includes organs, bones, and muscles, is the primary determinant of basal metabolic rate (BMR). This means that individuals with more lean body mass will typically have a higher BMR, as these tissues require more energy to function. Gender, fat body mass, and age can also impact BMR, but they are not the primary determinant.

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT define a "healthful body weight?"

Accepted Answer

A healthful body weight should not require continual dieting, as this can be detrimental to physical and mental health. A sustainable weight should be achievable and maintainable through healthy lifestyle habits.

Quiz 10: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight