Question 1

Following open heart surgery or cardiac arrest, it has become common for physicians to
A) artificially produce a state of mild hyperthermia in a patient.
B) artificially produce a state of mild hypothermia in a patient.
C) increase the levels of pyrogens in the brain.
D) artificially produce a state of fever.

Accepted Answer

It is common for physicians to artificially induce a state of mild hypothermia, also known as therapeutic hypothermia, in patients following open heart surgery or cardiac arrest. This helps to reduce inflammation, prevent brain damage, and improve survival rates.

Question 2

Temperature-insensitive neurons in the POA and posterior hypothalamus
A) play no role in the maintenance of core temperature.
B) increase their firing rate when temperature reaches a set point.
C) maintain a fairly steady firing rate.
D) increase their firing rate when core temperature increases.

Accepted Answer

Temperature-insensitive neurons in the POA and posterior hypothalamus maintain a fairly steady firing rate and are not influenced by changes in core temperature. They are believed to play a role in integrating information from other temperature-sensitive neurons to help maintain the body's overall temperature homeostasis.

Question 3

Adrian is at risk for heat stroke because
A) he is wearing heavy clothing and engaging in strenuous activity.
B) his pyrogens were released by disease-causing organisms.
C) his genetic predispositions cause him to sweat too much.
D) he has been drinking large quantities of fluid.

Accepted Answer

Adrian is at risk for heat stroke because he is wearing heavy clothing and engaging in strenuous activity, which can lead to elevated body temperature and decreased ability to sweat. This can cause heat to build up in the body and lead to heat stroke. The other options (B, C, and D) are not relevant to the cause of heat stroke in this scenario.

Question 4

Ashley has been diagnosed with a low thyroid condition. She frequently experiences
A) lower-than-normal core body temperatures.
B) unexplained fevers.
C) hyperthermia requiring hospitalization.
D) usually high activity in her brown fat cells.

Accepted Answer

A low thyroid condition, also known as hypothyroidism, can lead to a decrease in metabolism and lower-than-normal core body temperatures. This is because the thyroid gland plays a key role in regulating metabolism and body temperature. Unexplained fevers (B) are not associated with low thyroid function, and hyperthermia (C) requiring hospitalization is not typically seen in cases of hypothyroidism. Brown fat cells (D) are associated with thermoregulation, but there is no evidence to suggest that individuals with hypothyroidism have higher activity in these cells.

Question 5

Hypothermia occurs when a person's core body temperature
A) increases to 102°F.
B) increases to 104°F.
C) decreases below 98°F.
D) decreases below 95°F.

Accepted Answer

Hypothermia occurs when a person's core body temperature falls below 95°F.

Question 6

The preoptic area (POA) contains
A) no temperature-responsive neurons.
B) neurons that respond to any change in core temperature.
C) two types of neurons that respond to either increases or decreases in core temperature.
D) three types of neurons that respond to increases in temperature, decreases in temperature, or are temperature insensitive.

Accepted Answer

The preoptic area (POA) contains three types of neurons; those that respond to increases in temperature, those that respond to decreases in temperature, and those that are temperature insensitive. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 7

Artie has been diagnosed with Raynaud's disease. She has to be very careful when she
A) takes a shower in water that is too warm.
B) gets a fever.
C) takes hormone supplements, especially those containing estrogens.
D) gets items out of her deep freezer.

Accepted Answer

Raynaud's disease causes some areas of the body, like fingers and toes, to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. Getting items out of a deep freezer can trigger these symptoms due to the cold exposure.

Question 8

You have been hiking, and as night falls and the temperature drops, the first part of your temperature regulation system to be activated is probably your ________, which will trigger your _________ to make you shiver.
A) spinal cord; skin receptors
B) skin receptors; hypothalamus
C) brainstem; hypothalamus
D) hypothalamus; skin receptors

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is the part of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature. When the temperature drops, skin receptors sense the change and send signals to the hypothalamus, which then triggers mechanisms like shivering to generate heat and warm the body.

Question 9

In comparison with white fat cells, brown fat cells appear
A) larger.
B) different due to their greater amounts of mitochondria.
C) the same and can be identified only by their location.
D) different due to their smaller amounts of mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

Brown fat cells have greater amounts of mitochondria compared to white fat cells. This is what makes brown fat cells different and enables them to generate heat through a process called thermogenesis.

Question 10

Temperature regulation is managed by a
A) single system in the hypothalamus.
B) single system in the spinal cord.
C) hierarchy of systems extending from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus.
D) hierarchy of systems extending from the medulla to the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

Temperature regulation involves a hierarchy of systems that extend from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus. The peripheral receptors in the skin and body organs signal the local temperature to the spinal cord, which then integrates and sends the information to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is considered the master control center for temperature regulation, but it is not a single system as it involves multiple structures and pathways, including the preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, and posterior hypothalamus. Therefore, option A and B are incorrect, and option D is partly correct but incomplete.

Question 11

Jenae is going through menopause and has been experiencing hot flashes because her _______ levels have _______.
A) estrogen; increased
B) estrogen; decreased
C) thyroid hormone; increased
D) thyroid hormone; decreased

Accepted Answer

Menopause is typically characterized by a decrease in estrogen levels, which can lead to symptoms such as hot flashes. Therefore, choice B (estrogen decreased) is the best answer.

Question 12

In response to cold temperatures, an infant's _________ nervous system stimulates _________ fat activity.
A) parasympathetic; white
B) parasympathetic; brown
C) sympathetic; white
D) sympathetic; brown

Accepted Answer

In response to cold temperatures, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates brown fat activity in infants. Brown fat is responsible for generating heat in the body, while white fat is used for energy storage. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's rest and digest functions, while the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight or flight response.

Question 13

Fevers due to illness
A) have no benefit and should be reduced immediately through the use of medication.
B) represent a failure of the body's temperature control system.
C) result from a resetting of the body's temperature set point.
D) occur when the body's set point is exceeded.

Accepted Answer

Fevers due to illness result from a resetting of the body's temperature set point. This means that the body intentionally raises its temperature to help fight off the infection. Therefore, immediately reducing the fever through medication may not necessarily be beneficial, as it may interfere with the body's natural defense mechanisms. However, in some cases, such as when the fever is very high or causing significant discomfort, medication may be necessary.

Question 14

If for some reason your hypothalamus doesn't raise your core temperature when you are exposed to very cold temperatures,
A) you will die of hypothermia.
B) you will die of hyperthermia.
C) your brainstem and spinal cord will attempt to raise your core temperature.
D) your temporal lobe will tell you to move to a warmer environment, which will take care of the problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  If for some reason your hypothalamus doesn't...

Question 15

Deficits in thyroid functions often produce
A) fever.
B) higher than normal body temperatures.
C) lower than normal body temperatures.
D) inappropriate constriction of blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

Deficits in thyroid functions can lead to a condition called hypothyroidism, which is characterized by lower than normal body temperatures.

Question 16

During the summer heat, Bennett stays cool by
A) perspiring and dilating his blood vessels.
B) perspiring and constricting his blood vessels.
C) increasing his thyroid activity and reducing his brown fat cell numbers.
D) stimulating his brown fat activity and increasing his white fat cell numbers.

Accepted Answer

Perspiring and dilating blood vessels are mechanisms the body uses to release heat and cool down. Perspiration allows heat to evaporate from the skin, while dilated blood vessels increase blood flow to the skin, facilitating heat loss.

Question 17

People with spinal cord damage
A) do not have any problems with temperature regulation, because the spinal cord is the most sensitive part of the temperature regulation system.
B) have problems regulating core temperature in cold but not hot conditions.
C) have problems regulating core temperature in hot but not cold conditions.
D) have difficulty regulating temperature, because the spinal cord temperature regulating systems are less precise than brainstem or hypothalamic systems.

Accepted Answer

People with spinal cord damage have difficulty regulating temperature because the temperature regulating systems in the spinal cord are less precise than those in the brainstem or hypothalamus. This means they may have issues with both hot and cold conditions.

Question 18

Sensitivity to changes in temperature is
A) equally precise in all structures related to temperature regulation.
B) more precise in the brainstem than in the spinal cord or hypothalamus.
C) more precise in the spinal cord than in the hypothalamus.
D) more precise in the hypothalamus than in the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is the primary structure responsible for temperature regulation in the body and is therefore more sensitive to changes in temperature than the spinal cord. The brainstem also plays a role in temperature regulation but is not as sensitive as the hypothalamus. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 19

Core temperatures in humans
A) should be maintained within a range of 10 degrees in order for us to feel well.
B) are not as important as they are in animals that are ectotherms.
C) can vary quite a bit from person to person but must be maintained within a range of 10 degrees in order for us to feel well.
D) must be maintained within a very few degrees or life-threatening conditions can occur.

Accepted Answer

Core temperatures in humans must be maintained within a very few degrees (around 98.6°F or 37°C) in order for vital bodily functions to work correctly. Even small deviations from this range can lead to life-threatening conditions.

Question 20

Risk for hyperthermia is increased when a
A) person has immune system problems.
B) woman is approaching menopause.
C) person has a low thyroid condition.
D) person is using antibiotics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Risk for hyperthermia is increased when a
A)...

Quiz 9: Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Following open heart surgery or cardiac arrest, it has become common for physicians to

Temperature-insensitive neurons in the POA and posterior hypothalamus

Adrian is at risk for heat stroke because

Ashley has been diagnosed with a low thyroid condition. She frequently experiences

Hypothermia occurs when a person's core body temperature

The preoptic area (POA) contains

Artie has been diagnosed with Raynaud's disease. She has to be very careful when she

You have been hiking, and as night falls and the temperature drops, the first part of your temperature regulation system to be activated is probably your , which will trigger your _ to make you shiver.

In comparison with white fat cells, brown fat cells appear

Temperature regulation is managed by a

Jenae is going through menopause and has been experiencing hot flashes because her _ levels have _.

In response to cold temperatures, an infant's _ nervous system stimulates _ fat activity.

Fevers due to illness

If for some reason your hypothalamus doesn't raise your core temperature when you are exposed to very cold temperatures,

Deficits in thyroid functions often produce

During the summer heat, Bennett stays cool by

People with spinal cord damage

Sensitivity to changes in temperature is

Core temperatures in humans

Risk for hyperthermia is increased when a