Question 1

Which of the followings is NOT one of the major contributions of G.Stanley Hall?

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall did not receive the first Ph.D. in psychology in America. This honor goes to Joseph Jastrow, who received his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Wisconsin in 1892.

Question 2

Wundt and Titchener believed that psychology should

Accepted Answer

Wundt and Titchener were structuralists who believed in analyzing conscious experience into its basic elements. They emphasized introspection as a tool for studying and understanding the mind.

Question 3

Isabel is listening to a piece of classical music and tape recording all her feelings and impressions as she experiences them.Isabel is using a technique similar to the research methodology of

Accepted Answer

Structuralism is a research methodology that involves breaking down complex experiences into their individual elements or structures. Isabel's technique of recording her feelings and impressions while listening to the classical music is similar to the approach of structuralism as she is attempting to identify and record the individual components of her experience.

Question 4

The world's largest organization devoted to the advancement of psychology is the

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association (APA) is the world's largest organization dedicated to promoting psychology and advancing the field through research, education, and advocacy. It has over 118,000 members and works to develop psychology as a science and profession. The other options listed, such as the World Psychology Organization and Psychologists of North America, do not actually exist. The American Psychological Society was a separate organization that merged with the APA in 2005.

Question 5

While the term psychology has existed since at LEAST the early 1700s,psychology did not come to be considered a science until

Accepted Answer

Psychology began to be recognized as a science in the late 1800s, with the emergence of Wilhelm Wundt and his establishment of the first psychology laboratory in 1879. Prior to this, psychology was viewed more as a philosophy or branch of medicine rather than a distinct scientific discipline.

Question 6

The first president of the American Psychological Association (APA)was

Accepted Answer

The first president of the American Psychological Association (APA) was G. Stanley Hall. He held the position in 1892, the same year the organization was founded. Although William James and John Watson were also influential psychologists at the time, they did not serve as the first president of the APA. Sigmund Freud was not involved in the APA as he lived and worked in Europe.

Question 7

The notion that the subject matter of psychology should be the scientific study of conscious experience is MOST closely linked with

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is often considered the "father of experimental psychology" and was a proponent of studying conscious experience through introspection.

Question 8

If you take a sip of a soft drink and concentrate on what you are experiencing (cold,bubbly,sweet,etc.)you would be utilizing the technique of

Accepted Answer

Introspection is a technique of self-observation that involves looking inward and reporting on one's own conscious experiences or mental states. By concentrating on the sensory experiences associated with drinking a soft drink, a person is engaging in introspection. Behaviorism is a theoretical approach that focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes. Functionalism is a theoretical approach that emphasizes the adaptive and practical functions of behavior. Empiricism is a philosophical approach that asserts that knowledge comes from sensory experience rather than from innate ideas or intuition. While empiricism may be relevant to some aspects of this scenario, introspection is the most applicable technique being employed.

Question 9

In a discussion with your professor she tells you that she believes that the focus of psychological study should be to break the conscious experience into its basic elements.Which of the following historical schools of thought is your professor's idea MOST consistent with?

Accepted Answer

The idea of breaking down conscious experience into its basic elements is consistent with the school of thought known as structuralism. Structuralists believed that the mind could be broken down into small parts or structures, and that the combination of these structures determined all thoughts and behaviors.

Question 10

Wilhelm Wundt believed the focus of psychology should be

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt believed that psychology should focus on examining people's awareness of their immediate experience. He emphasized the importance of studying conscious thoughts and feelings, which he believed could be measured and analyzed using introspection. This approach became known as structuralism and was a key early school of thought in psychology.

Question 11

The person who established America's first psychological research laboratory and who launched America's first psychology journal was

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall was the person who established America's first psychological research laboratory in 1883 and who launched America's first psychology journal called "The American Journal of Psychology" in 1887. John Watson and Edward Titchener were influential psychologists, but did not establish the first research laboratory or launch the first journal. William James was a highly regarded psychologist who made significant contributions to the field, but he did not establish the first research laboratory or journal either.

Question 12

In an attempt to learn something about his conscious experience,William looked at an abstract painting and wrote down all of his impressions as they came to him.This technique is called

Accepted Answer

Introspection is the process of looking inward and examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and sensations. In this case, William is consciously reflecting on his experience of viewing an abstract painting and recording his impressions. This is an example of introspection as a research technique. Retrospection refers to reflecting on past events or experiences, empiricism relies on observation and data to form conclusions, and psychoanalysis is a specific form of therapy that emphasizes exploring the unconscious mind. None of these options accurately describe William's process of reflection on his conscious experience in the moment.

Question 13

Dr.Lee is studying pain perception using a functionalist perspective.It is MOST likely that Dr.Lee would suggest that we can only understand the conscious experience of pain

Accepted Answer

Functionalism focuses on the purpose of mental processes and behavior in helping individuals adapt to their environment, so Dr. Lee would likely emphasize understanding the role of pain in survival and adaptation.

Question 14

Dr.Asgaard believes that in order to fully understand complex processes,such as auditory processing,it is first necessary to understand all the separate component parts.Dr.Asgaard's views are MOST consistent with those of

Accepted Answer

Dr. Asgaard's belief in breaking down complex processes into component parts aligns with the structuralism approach of Edward Titchener, who believed that the mind could be understood through isolating and analyzing its individual components. William James was more aligned with functionalism, which emphasized the practical applications of psychology. Ivan Pavlov is most well-known for his research on classical conditioning in dogs, which is not directly related to Dr. Asgaard's beliefs about understanding complex processes. Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who focused on the individual's subjective experiences and personal growth, which is not directly relevant to Dr. Asgaard's beliefs about understanding complex processes.

Question 15

The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter is

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is known as the father of psychology because he established the first psychological laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879, making psychology an independent discipline with its own subject matter of conscious experience.

Question 16

William James,who was a pioneer in the development of functionalism,was MOST heavily influenced by

Accepted Answer

William James was heavily influenced by the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin, which emphasized the adaptiveness of behavior and the importance of natural selection in shaping behavior. James believed that psychology should focus on the functions rather than the structures of the mind, and he saw the mind and behavior as adaptive responses to environmental demands. This led to the development of functionalism, which emphasized the study of behavior as it relates to the environment and the individual's adaptation to it.

Question 17

The school of psychology that focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of conscious experience,such as sensations,feelings,and images was

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was a school of psychology that aimed to identify and analyze the basic components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images. This approach was pioneered by Edward Titchener, who relied on introspection to gather data about the workings of the mind. Structuralism was eventually criticized for its reliance on subjective reports and lack of empirical evidence.

Question 18

According to Wilhelm Wundt,the focus of psychology was on the scientific study of

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is known as the father of psychology, and his focus was on the scientific study of conscious experience. He established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879, and he defined psychology as the study of conscious experience.

Question 19

Psychology's intellectual parents are the disciplines of

Accepted Answer

Psychology has its roots in both philosophy, which has long been interested in the nature of the mind, and physiology, which focuses on the workings of the body. Therefore, the intellectual parents of psychology are philosophy and physiology.

Question 20

The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior was

Accepted Answer

Functionalism is the school of psychology that is associated with understanding the purpose, or function, of behavior. It emphasized the importance of studying and understanding behavior in terms of how it helps individuals adapt to their environments. Behaviorism, on the other hand, focused on the study of observable behavior and learning through rewards and punishments. Neodynamism is not a recognized school of psychology, and psychoanalysis emphasized unconscious motivations and conflicts, rather than the purpose of behavior.

Quiz 1: The Evolution of Psychology