Question 1

In science,when a hypothesis or group of hypotheses supported by repeated experimental evidence holds true through time,it can be developed into a

Accepted Answer

When a hypothesis or group of hypotheses is supported by repeated experimental evidence and holds true through time, it can be developed into a scientific theory. Unlike a hypothesis, a theory is a well-established explanation of a natural phenomenon that has been extensively tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation.

Question 2

A researcher studying a group of individuals of the same species living and interacting in a shared environment is said to be working at the level of a

Accepted Answer

A population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living and interacting in a shared environment, which is what the researcher is studying.

Question 3

A tissue is defined as

Accepted Answer

A tissue is defined as a group of cells that performs a unique set of tasks in the body. Tissues work together to form organs, and organs work together to form organ systems in the body.

Question 4

In 1890, Robert Koch developed a hypothesis regarding the cause of communicable diseases. He designed an experiment and collected data that supported his hypothesis. Later, his experiment was repeated by many other scientists who used other pathogens and documented similar results that not only supported their hypotheses but also supported Koch’s original hypothesis. These many experiments that supported multiple hypotheses regarding the cause of communicable diseases contributed to the development of the

Accepted Answer

Robert Koch's hypothesis regarding the cause of communicable diseases and the experiments that supported it were a foundational part of the development of the germ theory of disease. This theory revolutionized the understanding and treatment of infectious diseases by proposing that they are caused by microorganisms, or germs. The other answer choices (A) theory of evolution, (C) theory of relativity, and (D) law of gravity are not related to the study of communicable diseases or Koch's work.

Question 5

Which of the following represents conducting an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Dialing a telephone number can be seen as conducting an experiment because it involves a specific action to test a hypothesis or achieve a result, such as whether the call will connect to the intended recipient.

Question 6

Scientists are human beings and,like all human beings,are susceptible to personal and group biases that may influence how they interpret evidence.Before original research work is accepted and added to a growing body of scientific understanding,perhaps even contributing to our understanding of an important scientific theory,it must be scrutinized by experts in the field who have no direct connection to the research under review.The main mechanism for doing this is

Accepted Answer

Peer-reviewed publications involve a rigorous process where other experts in the field review and critique the research before it is accepted for publication. This helps to minimize personal and group biases and ensures that the research is of high quality and contributes to our understanding of the scientific theory. Popular magazines, the Discovery Channel, and Wikipedia are not typically considered credible sources for scientific research as they are not subject to the same level of scrutiny and review.

Question 7

A patient is coughing and producing a wheezing sound as she breathes; she also has a fever.She goes to the doctor who listens to her chest,takes X-rays of her chest,and determines that she probably has something called croup.Which of the following are the facts in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The facts in the scenario are the observable symptoms: coughing, wheezing, and fever. The other options are interpretations or diagnoses.

Question 8

Bats use echolocation to orient themselves and locate objects.Doing this requires special adaptations in their inner ear,midbrain,and auditory cortex of their cerebrum.The echolocation system of bats is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

The echolocation system of bats involves multiple organs and structures working together, which makes it an example of an organ system. Specifically, the inner ear, midbrain, and auditory cortex of the cerebrum all play important roles in detecting and processing echoes. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are too narrow to fully encompass the complexity of this adaptation.

Question 9

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into four groups.Group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructans.Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS,but these bats did not have direct contact with the infected bats.Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS.Bats in group 4 were directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when researchers applied it to the bats' wings.During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS.What is the specific hypothesis being tested by the inclusion of group 4 in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The specific hypothesis being tested by the inclusion of group 4 is that Geomyces destructans causes WNS, and it can be transmitted by direct contact with the fungus without the need for contact with infected bats. Group 4 is being directly exposed to the fungus to test this hypothesis. The other groups are being used to study the effects of different levels of exposure to infected bats or fungus. Therefore, options A and B are incorrect. Option D is also incorrect as group 4 is not the control group - there is no control group described in this experiment.

Question 10

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into four groups. Group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructans. Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS, but these bats did not have direct contact with the infected bats. Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS. Bats in group 4 were directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when it was applied to their wings. During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS. In this experiment, the independent was ________ and the dependent variable was ________.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable in the experiment is the type of exposure to Geomyces destructans (no exposure, indirect exposure, direct exposure) and the dependent variable is whether the bats became sick with WNS. The researchers are trying to determine if exposure to Geomyces destructans is a necessary condition for the development of WNS in bats.

Question 11

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into four groups.Group 1 was housed in an area free from the fungus Geomyces destructans.Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS,but these bats did not have direct contact with the infected bats.Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS.Bats in group 4 were directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when it was applied to their wings.During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS.Which group is the control group?

Accepted Answer

The control group in an experiment is the group that does not receive the treatment or exposure being tested. In this case, group 1 was housed in an area free from the fungus, meaning they did not receive exposure to the fungus or infected bats. Therefore, group 1 is the control group.

Question 12

The caves in upstate New York,where Alan Hicks's team first noticed the deaths of thousands of bats,represent the ________ where the bats lived.

Accepted Answer

The caves composed of bats, insects, and microorganisms represent an ecosystem, which is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and the physical environment they live in. The other choices are not appropriate since a biosphere refers to the Earth's entire network of life, a biome describes a large geographic region with similar climate and vegetation, and a community pertains to a group of different species living in the same area.

Question 13

The information presented in the following figure represents a scientific

Accepted Answer

The answer of The information presented in the following figure...

Question 14

Which of the following would be a theory?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has stood up to repeated testing and scrutiny. Choice A describes the germ theory of disease, which is a well-established scientific theory.

Question 15

A patient often experiences numbness and pain in the thumb and first two fingers on his right hand.He goes to the doctor,who suspects that carpal tunnel syndrome is the reason for the numbness and pain.The doctor then orders a simple test to see how fast nerve impulses are moving up and down the patient's arm.The doctor's preliminary diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is a(n)

Accepted Answer

The doctor's preliminary diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome based on the symptoms described is a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an educated guess or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 16

Scientific understanding can always be challenged, and even changed, with new ways of observing and with different interpretations. For example, new tools and techniques have resulted in new observations and the discovery of additional information. This has resulted in revised ways of understanding how molecules are moved across the plasma membrane of cells. Hence, there is no certainty in science, only degrees of probability (likelihood) and potential for change. In light of this understanding, which of the following statements is MOST meaningful?

Accepted Answer

Scientific understanding can always be challenged and changed with new observations and interpretations, which implies that scientific knowledge is based on current knowledge and is subject to revision. Thus, option B is the most meaningful statement as compared to the other options. Option A is incorrect because scientific knowledge is not absolute and is subject to revision. Option C and D are incorrect because scientific knowledge is dynamic and not static or rigid.

Question 17

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the biological hierarchy of a multicellular organism?

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence of the biological hierarchy of a multicellular organism is cells → tissues → organs → individual, as cells are the basic building blocks of living organisms, tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function, organs are groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function, and individual refers to the entire organism as a whole.

Question 18

Which of the following would be a fact?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would be a...

Question 19

Carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen atoms are held together by chemical bonds to form ________ of sugar.

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms combine through chemical bonds to form molecules of sugar, such as glucose or fructose. Organ systems and cells are composed of multiple types of molecules, and atoms are the smallest units of matter that make up molecules.

Question 20

The human heart pumps blood throughout the blood vessels in the body.This is a scientific

Accepted Answer

The statement "the human heart pumps blood" is an established fact that has been demonstrated by years of scientific research and medical observations. It is not a theory, which is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that requires further testing and validation. Neither is it a hypothesis, which is an educated guess that is put forward to explain a specific observation. Finally, it is not an experiment, which is a controlled process designed to test a hypothesis or validate a theory.

Quiz 1: The Nature of Science