Question 1

Which term is not a period of development?

Accepted Answer

Periods of development are intervals of time during which a child increases in size and acquires specific skills.See Box 6-3.

Question 2

In which context can the OT practitioner have the greatest impact?

Accepted Answer

The physical, or nonhuman, aspects of the environment have an impact on the rate of skill acquisition in both performance and areas of occupation.For example, if a child lives in a climate that requires warm clothing, he or she will learn to don and doff a sweater or a coat more quickly than one who lives in a temperate climate.A child who lives in a two-story house will more likely learn to ascend and descend stairs before one who lives in a single-story house.

Question 3

Which period is characterized by rapid growth, spending much time in educational settings, and shifting of the child's major influences from parents to peers?

Accepted Answer

Middle childhood begins at 6 years of age and lasts until puberty, which begins at approximately 12 years of age in females and 14 years of age in males.Children in this developmental period spend the majority of their time in educational settings; therefore, the major influence on the child shifts from parents to peers.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about typical development?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of skill acquisition is predictable in the typically developing child.
Although normal development is predictable and sequential, the rate of skill acquisition varies among children.

Question 5

Which statement is not true concerning maturation?

Accepted Answer

Maturation and experience affect a child's development.Maturation and experience influence the rate and direction of normal development.Maturation is the innate (natural) process of growth and development, and experience is the result of interactions with the environment.In addition, current research on motor control introduces the concepts of arousal states and motivation as additional factors that have an impact on motor learning.

Question 6

Which statement is not a basic principle of developmental theory?

Accepted Answer

Normal development is sequential and predictable.Maturation and experience affect a child's development.Throughout the course of normal development, changes occur in the biological, psychological, and social systems.Therefore, development is a dynamic and continuously changing process.Development progresses in two directions: vertical and horizontal.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about the occupational therapy (OT) practitioner's study of typical development?

Accepted Answer

The OT practitioner must understand development and the process of typical development.The sequence of acquisition in relation to occupational performance skills and areas is the foundation for OT assessment of and intervention with children who have special needs.The sequence of skill acquisition is predictable in the typically developing child.The OT practitioner's knowledge of normal development guides the order of expectations and choice of activities for children who are not developing typically.The practitioner relies on knowledge of typical development to assist the child in developing useful, functional skills.

Question 8

Children learn to finger-feed, use a pincer grasp, and creep simultaneously.This an example of:

Accepted Answer

A child who is simultaneously learning to finger-feed, use a pincer grasp, and creep is progressing horizontally because several different performance skills and areas (i.e., activities of daily living, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills) are involved.

Question 9

A child learns to roll over, then crawl, then creep, and eventually walk.This is an example of what type of development?

Accepted Answer

As children progress through the various developmental levels related to the specific performance skills or areas of occupation, they are progressing vertically.For example, in the occupational area of ADLs, children learn to eat with their fingers before they learn to eat with a spoon.As children learn to roll, then crawl, and finally walk, they are progressing vertically in gross motor performance skills.

Question 10

Harry is a 10-year-old boy who is expected to make dinner each evening before his parents get home.This expectation represents which context?

Accepted Answer

Cultural context includes customs, beliefs/values, standards, and expectations.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about normal development?

Accepted Answer

Throughout the course of normal development, changes occur in the biologic, psychological, and social systems.Therefore, development is a dynamic and continuously changing process.

Question 12

Which progression most closely reflects typical development?

Accepted Answer

Motor development follows three basic rules.Development progresses cephalad to caudal, or head to tail.Development progresses in a proximal to distal direction, which means that children develop control of structures close to their body (such as the shoulder) before they develop those farther away from their body (such as the hand).Development progresses from gross control to fine control, which means that children gain control of large body movements before they can perform more refined movements.

Question 13

You are treating Jim, a 12-month-old boy with developmental delays.He is sitting without support, anterior propping.According to developmental theory, which skill would you work on next?

Accepted Answer

Children learn to sit with anterior propping and then lateral propping.

Question 14

What is the length of the typical prenatal period?

Accepted Answer

The gestational period is also referred to as the prenatal (before-birth) period.Gestation typically lasts 40 weeks.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a rule of motor development?

Accepted Answer

See Box 6-4.Lateral to medial is not a rule of motor development.

Quiz 6: Principles of Normal Development