Question 1

Research on the families of children with conduct disorder suggests that ________

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the behavior of children with conduct disorder may be influenced by learned behaviors and their environment, including parenting practices and exposure to violence or substance abuse. While genetics may play a role in the development of antisocial tendencies, environmental factors are also significant. Parental substance abuse is one of several risk factors, but it may not be the greatest factor.

Question 2

After her parents' divorce, Julia began wetting the bed. She wets the bed almost nightly and is embarrassed about it in the morning. What disorder would this 7-year-old be diagnosed with?

Accepted Answer

Secondary functional enuresis is diagnosed when a child who has previously been toilet trained for at least six months begins wetting the bed. In Julia's case, the onset of bedwetting following her parents' divorce indicates a psychological or stress-related cause, fitting the criteria for secondary functional enuresis.

Question 3

Functional enuresis is found in ________ of children age 15 or older.

Accepted Answer

Functional enuresis is found in approximately 1.1 percent of children age 15 or older.

Question 4

Throughout his young life, Quincy, age 7, rarely wakes up in the morning to a dry bed. Quincy would be diagnosed as having ________

Accepted Answer

Primary functional enuresis is a condition where the child has not yet attained bladder control at night. This is also known as bedwetting. Quincy's symptoms suggest that he has primary functional enuresis as he has been wetting the bed regularly throughout his young life. Functional enuresis refers to bedwetting that occurs without any underlying medical conditions.

Question 5

Drugs used to treat enuresis, such as imipramine, are thought to ________, although the mechanism is unclear.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drugs used to treat enuresis, such as...

Question 6

Low socioeconomic status and living in a poor neighborhood are ________ variables that increase the probability of a child developing conduct disorder.

Accepted Answer

Low socioeconomic status and living in a poor neighborhood are sociocultural variables that increase the probability of a child developing conduct disorder. This is because exposure to violence, crime, and other negative social influences that are more prevalent in low-income neighborhoods can lead to behavioral problems in children. While genetic and familial factors may also play a role in conduct disorder, the question specifically focuses on the impact of environmental factors. Chemical variables were not mentioned in the question stem.

Question 7

What is the self-perpetuating cycle in conduct disorder?

Accepted Answer

A genetic predisposition leads to a low IQ and difficult temperament, which leads to poor parenting and an insecure attachment, which leads to conduct disorder.

Question 8

Girls with conduct disorder ________

Accepted Answer

Girls with conduct disorder are at increased risk for early sexual behavior and pregnancy. While they may also have comorbid diagnoses of ADHD and/or a mood disorder (C), they do not generally seek security from a father figure (A) and can still show social deficits (D).

Question 9

The cohesive family model is a treatment strategy for the child with conduct disorder that ________

Accepted Answer

The cohesive family model proposes that the child's problematic behavior is maintained by dysfunctional interactions within the family. The treatment strategy, therefore, involves addressing and improving these interactions to effectively treat the child's conduct disorder. The other answer choices are not accurate descriptions of the cohesive family model.

Question 10

In ________, the clinician teaches the parents how to effectively prompt and reinforce prosocial behaviors while ignoring aggressive or antisocial behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Parent management training focuses on teaching parents effective parenting strategies to address behavioral problems in their children, including the use of positive reinforcement for prosocial behaviors and ignoring or redirecting negative behaviors.

Question 11

Artiss developed conduct disorder early. Bertram developed conduct disorder late. This suggests that ________

Accepted Answer

Early onset conduct disorder is associated with a higher risk for adult antisocial personality disorder, whereas late onset conduct disorder is associated with less severe outcomes and fewer long-term consequences. Therefore, Artiss is more likely to develop adult antisocial personality disorder compared to Bertram. The other options are not supported by the information provided.

Question 12

The parenting in families of children with conduct disorders typically involves ________

Accepted Answer

Parenting in families of children with conduct disorders often involves rejection and neglect, which can exacerbate or contribute to the development of such disorders. This style of parenting can lead to a lack of proper guidance and support for the child, potentially leading to or worsening conduct issues.

Question 13

Which behavior pattern is least likely to be found in a child with conduct disorder?

Accepted Answer

Constant worry about minor issues is not typically a behavior pattern found in conduct disorder. Conduct disorder is characterized by persistent violations of others' rights and societal norms, which may include aggression, destruction of property, and substance abuse. Depression may also be present in some cases of conduct disorder, but it is not the least likely behavior pattern to be found.

Question 14

How many of the 15 symptoms of conduct disorder must be present to justify a diagnosis of CD?

Accepted Answer

To justify a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder (CD), at least 3 of the 15 symptoms must be present in the last 12 months, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months.

Question 15

In order of diagnosis, ________ occurs before antisocial personality disorder just as ________ occurs before conduct disorder.

Accepted Answer

Conduct disorder typically occurs before the development of antisocial personality disorder, which is a more severe and enduring pattern of behavior. Similarly, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) often precedes the development of conduct disorder. Therefore, the correct order of diagnosis is ODD, conduct disorder, and then antisocial personality disorder. ADHD is a separate disorder from these behavioral disorders and does not follow the same developmental pattern.

Question 16

Brad has been diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The disorder began around age 12 and is characterized by disobedient and hostile behavior toward authority figures. What aspect of this case is unusual?

Accepted Answer

The onset of ODD typically occurs during early childhood, around age 8. Therefore, the onset at age 12 is considered unusual.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about early-onset conduct disorder is true?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that the majority of children with early-onset conduct disorder will continue to have social and behavioral problems as adults, even if they do not meet full criteria for antisocial personality disorder. Environmental factors can contribute to the persistence of the disorder, but genetics and other biological factors also play a role. Therefore, options A, B, and D are not accurate.

Question 18

Which of the following is a risk factor for ODD and conduct disorder?

Accepted Answer

Inconsistent parental discipline, including harsh or overly permissive parenting, has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder. Vaccines, middle socioeconomic status, and childhood obesity have not been consistently identified as risk factors for ODD or conduct disorder.

Question 19

The development of conduct disorder in adolescence ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of The development of conduct disorder in adolescence...

Question 20

Effective treatments for conduct disorder usually involve ________

Accepted Answer

Parental participation is crucial in the treatment of conduct disorder, as it involves improving family dynamics and teaching parents effective parenting skills to provide consistent structure and consequences for their child's behavior. Removing the child from the environment or legal intervention may be necessary in certain cases, but they alone are not effective treatments without addressing the underlying family and environmental factors contributing to the behavior. Teaching basic moral lessons is also important, but it is not sufficient on its own in addressing the complex and multifaceted issues associated with conduct disorder.

Quiz 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders)