Question 1

The uterine is lined by a layer of epithelial tissue known as the
A)endometrium.
B)endothelium.
C)mesothelium.
D)myometrium.

Accepted Answer

The endometrium is the innermost layer of the uterine wall and is made up of a layer of epithelial tissue.

Question 2

Of the four extraembryonic membranes of developing amniotes,the __________ functions as a gas-exchange organ.
A)allantois
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)yolk sac

Accepted Answer

The chorion is the extraembryonic membrane that functions primarily in gas exchange in developing amniotes.

Question 3

The __________ of the amniotic egg encloses a fluid to act as a protective hydraulic cushion.
A)allantois
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)yolk sac

Accepted Answer

The amnion is the membrane that encloses the amniotic fluid, which acts as a protective hydraulic cushion for the developing embryo. The allantois is another membrane, but its function is to store waste products from the embryo. The chorion is the outermost membrane of the amniotic egg, and the yolk sac is a structure that provides nutrients to the developing embryo.

Question 4

Parturition refers to
A)childbirth.
B)gestation.
C)menstruation.
D)placental development.

Accepted Answer

Parturition specifically refers to the process of giving birth, which involves the expulsion of the fetus and placenta from the uterus. Choice B (gestation) refers to the entire period of fetal development within the uterus, while Choice C (menstruation) refers to the shedding of the uterine lining in non-pregnant females, and Choice D (placental development) refers to the formation and growth of the placenta during pregnancy.

Question 5

In response to capture,animals often produce stress hormones.In green sea turtles,
A)an elevation in corticosterone levels is observed.
B)other hormones related to their reproductive condition influence the magnitude of the stress response.
C)males and females show similar increases in corticosterone levels.
D)A and B

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that capture and handling of green sea turtles can cause an elevation in corticosterone levels, indicating a stress response. Additionally, it has been observed that other hormones related to their reproductive condition, such as testosterone in males and estrogen in females, can influence the magnitude of the stress response. Therefore, both options A and B are correct. It is not mentioned whether males and females show similar increases in corticosterone levels, so option C is incorrect.

Question 6

In the amniotic eggs of birds and reptiles,the __________ serves as a storage sac for nitrogenous wastes.
A)allantois
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)yolk sac

Accepted Answer

The allantois is a sac-like structure that extends from the embryo's digestive tract, and it serves as a storage sac for nitrogenous wastes such as uric acid. The other structures listed (amnion, chorion, and yolk sac) serve different functions in the development of the embryo.

Question 7

Which of the following structures is INCORRECTLY matched to its function?
A)bulbourethral gland --- secretion of nutrients and enzymes
B)epididymis --- sperm concentration and storage
C)fallopian tube --- common site of fertilization
D)placenta --- maternal/fetal endocrine and exchange organ

Accepted Answer

The bulbourethral gland actually secretes a clear, slippery fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes its pH. It does not secrete nutrients and enzymes.

Question 8

A member of the TGF-β family of cytokines,__________ is a peptide hormone secreted by the mature follicle.
A)CG
B)estrin
C)inhibin
D)progestin

Accepted Answer

Inhibin is a member of the TGF-β family of cytokines that is secreted by the mature follicle. It plays a role in regulating the secretion of FSH from the pituitary gland, which in turn affects follicular development and ovulation. CG, estrin, and progestin are not members of the TGF-β family and are not secreted by the mature follicle.

Question 9

The luteal phase of the ovulation cycle of mammals corresponds to the __________ phases of the estrous cycle.
A)proestrus and estrus
B)estrus and metestrus
C)metestrus and diestrus
D)diestrus and proestrus

Accepted Answer

The luteal phase occurs after ovulation and is characterized by the presence of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. This corresponds to the metestrus and diestrus phases of the estrous cycle, which are also characterized by high levels of progesterone. Proestrus and estrus are characterized by rising estrogen levels and the preparation for ovulation, which occur before the luteal phase. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 10

Driven by the __________ surge,the post-ovulation follicle undergoes a change in structure to develop into the corpus luteum.
A)FSH
B)LH
C)CG
D)progesterone

Accepted Answer

The surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) triggers ovulation and also stimulates the follicle to transform into the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum then produces progesterone and some estrogen, which help prepare and maintain the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) helps to develop and mature the follicle prior to ovulation, while CG (chorionic gonadotropin) is produced during pregnancy to support the corpus luteum and maintain the production of progesterone.

Question 11

In human reproduction,once conception and successful implantation have occurred,
A)CG secreted by the placenta simulates the activity of LH.
B)the corpus luteum continues progesterone and estrogen secretion for the first trimester.
C)the placenta eventually assumes the production of progesterone and estrogen.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Once conception and successful implantation have occurred, CG (which is secreted by the placenta) simulates the activity of LH. The corpus luteum continues progesterone and estrogen secretion for the first trimester, but eventually the placenta assumes the production of progesterone and estrogen. Therefore, all of the above choices are correct.

Question 12

The trophoblast of the implanted fertilized egg ultimately develops into the
A)allantois.
B)amniotic cavity.
C)placenta.
D)zona pellucida.

Accepted Answer

The trophoblast is the outer layer of cells that develops into the placenta, which is crucial for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the developing fetus. The allantois is a membrane that helps with waste disposal and gas exchange, while the amniotic cavity is a fluid-filled sac that cushions and protects the growing embryo. The zona pellucida is a protective layer surrounding the egg before it implants in the uterus.

Question 13

The birth control pill developed in the early 1960s prevents pregnancy by
A)preventing ovulation.
B)stimulating thickening of the cervical mucus.
C)impairing endometrial growth.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The birth control pill developed in the...

Question 14

Female insects possess an elaborate sperm-storage organ called the
A)accessory gland.
B)Dufour's gland.
C)gametosome.
D)spermatheca.

Accepted Answer

Female insects possess an elaborate sperm-storage organ called the spermatheca, which allows them to store sperm for extended periods, often months or even years. The other options, such as accessory gland and Dufour's gland, are involved in the production of the female's reproductive tract secretions, whereas gametosome refers to a reproductive cell in both males and females.

Question 15

The neurotransmitter __________ plays the key role in generating an erection in the mammalian penis.
A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)GABA
D)nitric oxide

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide plays a key role in generating an erection in the mammalian penis. It is released from nerve endings in the penis and triggers a series of reactions that ultimately relax the smooth muscle in the penis, allowing for increased blood flow and an erection to occur.

Question 16

The alkaline fluid produced by the __________ neutralizes the acidic conditions of female reproductive tract to allow the sperm to swim.
A)bulbourethral gland
B)epididymis
C)prostate gland
D)seminal vesicles

Accepted Answer

The seminal vesicles produce an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic conditions of the female reproductive tract to allow the sperm to swim. The other glands listed do not produce this alkaline fluid.

Question 17

After ovulation,the remnant of the ruptured follicle develops into the
A)corpus allatum.
B)corpus luteum.
C)Graafian follicle.
D)polar bodies.

Accepted Answer

After ovulation, the remnant of the ruptured follicle develops into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg. A, C, and D are not involved in this process.

Question 18

In the human reproductive system,ovulation is triggered
A)at the end of the luteal phase.
B)by the surge in progesterone release.
C)by the surge in LH release.
D)at the beginning of the follicular phase.

Accepted Answer

Ovulation is triggered by the surge in release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, which occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle and marks the transition from the follicular phase to the luteal phase. Progesterone release is also important in preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg but it does not directly trigger ovulation. The end of the luteal phase is actually when menstruation occurs, so ovulation does not occur at this time. The beginning of the follicular phase is characterized by the development of ovarian follicles but ovulation does not occur until later in the cycle.

Question 19

The swimming capacity of human sperm is attained within the
A)bulbourethral gland.
B)epididymis.
C)prostate gland.
D)seminal vesicles.

Accepted Answer

Human sperm gain their swimming capability in the epididymis, where they undergo maturation and become motile. The bulbourethral gland, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles contribute to the composition of semen but do not directly affect sperm swimming capacity.

Question 20

The declining FSH levels during the follicular phase results in most of the developing follicles to undergo
A)conversion into corpora lutea.
B)degeneration by atresia.
C)development into nurse cells.
D)development into Graafian follicles.

Accepted Answer

The declining FSH levels during the follicular phase cause most of the developing follicles to degenerate by atresia rather than developing into mature follicles.

Quiz 16: Reproductive Physiology

The uterine is lined by a layer of epithelial tissue known as the

Of the four extraembryonic membranes of developing amniotes,the __________ functions as a gas-exchange organ.

The __________ of the amniotic egg encloses a fluid to act as a protective hydraulic cushion.

Parturition refers to

In response to capture,animals often produce stress hormones.In green sea turtles,

In the amniotic eggs of birds and reptiles,the __________ serves as a storage sac for nitrogenous wastes.

Which of the following structures is INCORRECTLY matched to its function?

A member of the TGF-β family of cytokines,__________ is a peptide hormone secreted by the mature follicle.

The luteal phase of the ovulation cycle of mammals corresponds to the __________ phases of the estrous cycle.

Driven by the __________ surge,the post-ovulation follicle undergoes a change in structure to develop into the corpus luteum.

In human reproduction,once conception and successful implantation have occurred,

The trophoblast of the implanted fertilized egg ultimately develops into the

The birth control pill developed in the early 1960s prevents pregnancy by

Female insects possess an elaborate sperm-storage organ called the

The neurotransmitter __________ plays the key role in generating an erection in the mammalian penis.

The alkaline fluid produced by the __________ neutralizes the acidic conditions of female reproductive tract to allow the sperm to swim.

After ovulation,the remnant of the ruptured follicle develops into the

In the human reproductive system,ovulation is triggered

The swimming capacity of human sperm is attained within the

The declining FSH levels during the follicular phase results in most of the developing follicles to undergo