Question 1

Jennifer smokes because she finds it relaxing.She would best be described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

Positive affect smokers smoke because they find it pleasurable, enjoyable or relaxing. Jennifer fits this description as she smokes for relaxation.

Question 2

Ian likes to drink because it makes him more friendly and outgoing.He also has a tendency to inflate his self-evaluations and worry less.Which model of drinking behaviour best accounts for Ian's continued drinking?

Accepted Answer

Ian's tendency to inflate his self-evaluations and worry less after drinking suggests that he is experiencing alcohol myopia, which is a cognitive effect of alcohol that impairs a person's ability to process and respond to complex or multiple stimuli.

Question 3

Jeff smokes a pack of cigarettes per day.At any time,he can tell you when he is due for his next cigarette.Jeff would be described as a _________________ smoker.

Accepted Answer

Jeff's ability to know when he is due for his next cigarette indicates that he is addicted to smoking.

Question 4

The WHO prepared the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control with the goal of

Accepted Answer

The WHO prepared the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control with the goal of prevention and harm reduction of tobacco. This includes measures to reduce tobacco consumption, protect people from exposure to tobacco smoke, and regulate tobacco product packaging and labeling. It does not involve growing or regulating the nicotine content of tobacco, nor does it focus on using tobacco for medicinal purposes.

Question 5

The problem with the alcohol dependency syndrome model is that it emphasizes ______________ and neglects the ________________.

Accepted Answer

The alcohol dependency syndrome model focuses on the physical properties of addiction, such as tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, but often overlooks the cognitive aspects, which include the psychological processes and thought patterns that contribute to addiction.

Question 6

The highest rates of smoking in Canada occur among

Accepted Answer

Inuit and First Nations people have the highest rates of smoking in Canada. This is due to a number of factors, including a history of tobacco use in their culture, limited access to healthcare resources, and social and economic inequalities. Female and male teens also have high rates of smoking, but they are not the highest among all demographic groups in Canada. The highest income bracket and non-European immigrants, in general, have lower rates of smoking compared to other groups.

Question 7

Researchers have conducted a series of studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the graphic warning labels found on cigarette packaging.The findings have been

Accepted Answer

The studies have shown a positive effect, demonstrating a decrease in smoking behavior, particularly among young adults and pregnant women.

Question 8

The model of drinking behaviour which proposes that people drink because their friends drink is the ______________________ model.

Accepted Answer

The social learning model proposes that people learn to drink alcohol by observing and imitating the drinking behavior of others, particularly their friends and family members.

Question 9

While excessive alcohol consumption has direct negative consequences,light to moderate alcohol consumption has health benefits because alcohol

Accepted Answer

Light to moderate alcohol consumption has been linked to increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), commonly known as "good" cholesterol. HDL helps to remove low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the "bad" cholesterol, from the arteries, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Conversely, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to a decrease in HDL levels and increase LDL levels, leading to increased risk of heart disease.

Question 10

The majority of people who stop drinking do so

Accepted Answer

The majority of people who stop drinking do so without assistance, meaning they quit on their own without joining a support group, seeking therapy or taking medication. However, it is important to note that seeking professional help can increase success rates for maintaining sobriety.

Question 11

Any form of nicotine-replacement therapy will be more effective if combined with

Accepted Answer

Combining nicotine-replacement therapy with psychological treatment addresses both the physical and behavioral aspects of addiction, increasing the chances of successful cessation.

Question 12

All of the following are designed to help people overcome the environmental conditions that perpetuate smoking except

Accepted Answer

Using nicotine gum is a form of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) which helps people in reducing their craving for cigarettes by providing a low level of nicotine. It is not directly related to environmental conditions that perpetuate smoking. The other options mentioned in the question - stimulus control, self-monitoring, behavioral contracting and self-management strategies - are behavior change techniques aimed at modifying the environmental, cognitive and social factors that influence smoking behavior.

Question 13

All of the following have been identified as factors which encourage adolescents to start smoking except

Accepted Answer

Socioeconomic status (SES) is not a significant factor that encourages adolescents to start smoking. However, peer pressure, modeling, advertising, and personal characteristics have all been found to influence the initiation of smoking among adolescents. SES can affect access to and availability of smoking products, but it is not a direct factor that encourages adolescents to start smoking.

Question 14

Virtually all cases of ______________________ occur in smokers and rarely occur in non-smokers.

Accepted Answer

Emphysema is a lung condition that is almost exclusively found in smokers and is very rare in non-smokers. It is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused primarily by smoking.

Question 15

Identifying different types of smokers is important because

Accepted Answer

Identifying different types of smokers is important because different strategies may be more effective for each type when trying to quit. For example, someone who smokes out of habit may benefit from replacing the behavior with a different habit, while someone who is addicted to nicotine may benefit from using nicotine replacement therapy. Understanding the type of smoker can help tailor the approach to quitting smoking.

Question 16

The model which explains drinking behaviour as a lack of control is the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The model which explains drinking behaviour as...

Question 17

Aversion strategies such as electric shock and rapid smoking are most effective if used _____________________

Accepted Answer

Aversion strategies are most effective if used initially, as they work by creating a negative association with the behavior. Using them sparingly may not be enough to create a lasting aversion, while using them over a long period of time may lead to habituation or desensitization. Providing education about the problems with smoking or information about the benefits of not smoking may be helpful in increasing motivation to quit, but it does not affect the effectiveness of aversion strategies themselves.

Question 18

The strongest genetic contributor to smoking initiation appears to be _________________

Accepted Answer

The answer of The strongest genetic contributor to smoking initiation...

Question 19

The leading number one preventable cause of death and disease in Canada is

Accepted Answer

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease in Canada, contributing to over 45,000 deaths per year. Obesity, alcoholism, cancer, and cardiovascular disease are all significant health concerns, but they are not the leading preventable cause of death and disease in Canada.

Question 20

The type of smoker that derives no benefit from smoking is the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of smoker that derives no...

Quiz 6: Health-Compromising Behaviours