Question 1

What does the expression "comprehension proceeds production" refer to?

Accepted Answer

The expression refers to the idea that a child's ability to understand or comprehend words typically develops before their ability to produce or use those words themselves. This is why children often have a larger receptive vocabulary (words they understand) than expressive vocabulary (words they use).

Question 2

Which of the following describes a 1-month-old's crying?

Accepted Answer

At 1 month old, a baby's crying is typically non-distinct and difficult to differentiate between different types of cries (e.g. hunger cry, pain cry, etc.).

Question 3

As Michael plays in his crib, his parents overhear him making repetitive sounds such as "babababa" and "dadadada." What term describes this repeating of syllables?

Accepted Answer

The answer of As Michael plays in his crib, his...

Question 4

What term refers to an infant's "ooh" and "ah" sounds, which are linked to joy or enthusiasm?

Accepted Answer

Cooing refers to the soft, vowel-like sounds that infants make which are often linked to positive emotions such as joy or enthusiasm.

Question 5

Jennifer is eager to know when her son will start babbling.What is her pediatrician most likely to tell her?

Accepted Answer

Babbling typically appears between 6 and 9 months of age.

Question 6

What is a child's most complex vocalization?

Accepted Answer

Babbling is a complex vocalization because it involves the production of different consonant and vowel sounds in a rhythmic pattern. It is a precursor to language acquisition and requires coordination between the vocal cords, tongue, and lips. Crying, cooing, and making no sound are simpler forms of vocalization that do not involve the same level of complexity.

Question 7

A child is shown two objects for 20 seconds.One of the objects is replaced by a new object, and the infant spends more time looking at the new object.What ability is NOT represented by this activity?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus, such as learning to associate the sound of a bell with the presentation of food. This activity does not involve such learning, so the ability represented by this activity is not classical conditioning. The other options, visual recognition, habituation, and memory, are all involved in this activity, as the child is recognizing and remembering the objects, and habituating to the familiar object while attending to the novel object.

Question 8

What is the relationship between achievements on sensorimotor tests and other test achievements?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor tests focus on physical and sensory abilities, which are different from the cognitive and verbal skills measured by intelligence tests used in later developmental stages.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT related to recognition memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT related...

Question 10

Dana asks her son's pediatrician whether overall scores on tests, such as the Bayley Scales, can accurately predict future grades in school.What is likely to be the pediatrician's response?

Accepted Answer

Pediatricians are likely to explain that cognitive functioning changes so rapidly in infancy that it is difficult to predict future school performance from tests like the Bayley Scales.

Question 11

What did Susan Rose and her colleagues (2001) conclude regarding visual recognition memory?

Accepted Answer

Susan Rose and her colleagues (2001) concluded that visual recognition memory is stable from age to age.

Question 12

What term refers to vocalizations that do NOT represent objects or events?

Accepted Answer

Prelinguistic vocalizations refer to sounds that are made before an infant learns to use language and do not necessarily represent objects or events.

Answer: B 
 Nonsensical vocalizations refer to sounds that do not make sense or have any meaning.

Answer: C 
 Random vocalizations refer to sounds that are produced without any clear pattern or intention.

Answer: D 
 Expressive vocalizations refer to sounds that convey emotion or mood, but may not necessarily represent specific objects or events.

Question 13

Jennifer is curious about her son's cries and coos.What is her pediatrician most likely to tell her?

Accepted Answer

Infants are born with innate abilities to produce cries and coos, but their experiences and interactions with caregivers can modify and shape these vocalizations.

Question 14

Jenna can tell the difference between a toy she has seen before and a new toy.What term refers to this ability?

Accepted Answer

Recognition memory refers to the ability to identify something that has been previously encountered. This is what Jenna is demonstrating when she can tell the difference between a toy she has seen before and a new toy. Habituation refers to the decreased response to a stimulus after repeated exposure, sensory memory is the initial stage of memory which records sensory information, and classical conditioning is a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus to produce a specific response.

Question 15

What is intonation?

Accepted Answer

Intonation refers to the rising and falling patterns of pitch in speech.

Question 16

Annette is a child development specialist.Her niece, Cassie, has just had her first child and asks Annette whether her infant's crying is considered a primitive form of language.What is most likely to be Annette's response?

Accepted Answer

While crying is a form of communication for infants, it does not represent objects or events in the way that language does. Therefore, it cannot be considered a primitive form of language.

Question 17

At what age do most infants begin cooing?

Accepted Answer

Most infants begin cooing at around 2 months of age. While they may make some sounds at birth, cooing is a more developed vocalization that typically emerges around 2 months. While infants may also make sounds at 1 week and 4 months, cooing is most commonly observed at 2 months.

Question 18

Baby Sammy likes to repeat the sound "dada." What is this vocalization called?

Accepted Answer

The vocalization described is babbling, which is the repetition of syllables and sounds by infants as they begin to develop language skills.

Question 19

What is typically predicted by higher visual recognition scores in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is a correlation between higher visual recognition scores in infancy and higher IQ scores later in childhood.

Question 20

What is the earliest communicative sound a child makes?

Accepted Answer

Crying is the earliest form of communication a child uses, signaling needs such as hunger, discomfort, or the need for attention.

Quiz 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development