Question 1

What special test indicates a scapholunate ligament injury?

Accepted Answer

The Watson test is used to diagnose a scapholunate ligament injury. The test involves placing the thumb on the patient's scaphoid while passively moving the wrist through a range of motion. If a click or clunk is felt during this motion, it is indicative of scapholunate instability. Finkelstein's test is used to diagnose De Quervain's tenosynovitis, Phalen's test is used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome, and Allen test is used to assess collateral circulation in the hand.

Question 2

Which of the following is responsible for checking radial deviation and becomes taut at the end-ranges of flexion and extension?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Which pulleys are located on the distal aspect of the metacarpal and the most proximal member of the pulley system?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

What is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal that extends into the articular surface called?

Accepted Answer

A fracture of the base of the first metacarpal that extends into the articular surface is called Bennett's fracture. Boxer's fracture is a fracture of the fifth metacarpal, Scaphoid fracture is a wrist bone fracture, and Volar plate fracture is a ligament injury in the finger.

Question 5

Which wrist pathology is commonly associated with clicking on the ulnar side of the wrist?

Accepted Answer

Clicking on the ulnar side of the wrist is commonly associated with a triangular fibrocartilage tear. This can be caused by repetitive stress or injury to the wrist, and may cause pain, weakness, and limited range of motion in the affected wrist. Treatment may include rest, ice, physical therapy, or surgery in more severe cases.

Question 6

What is an infection around the periphery of the fingernail that results in redness and swelling?

Accepted Answer

A paronychia is an infection around the periphery of the fingernail that results in redness and swelling. A felon is a deeper infection that involves the pulp of the fingertip, a hangnail is a tear in the skin at the side of the nail, and a pilonidal cyst is a cyst that develops in the cleft between the buttocks.

Question 7

Which of the following is a rupture of the central extensor tendon that causes the lateral bands to slip palmarly on each side of the PIP,changing its line of pull on this joint from an extensor to a flexor?

Accepted Answer

Boutonnière deformity is characterized by a rupture of the central extensor tendon at the level of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, which leads to the lateral bands slipping palmarly. This changes their line of pull from an extensor to a flexor position at the PIP joint, causing the characteristic flexion of the PIP joint and extension of the DIP joint.

Question 8

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in the hand?

Accepted Answer

The scaphoid bone is the most commonly fractured carpal bone, accounting for about 70% of all carpal fractures. It can be a difficult bone to fracture, but is typically injured in falls on an outstretched hand. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of a scaphoid fracture is important to prevent complications such as nonunion and arthritis.

Question 9

Which carpal bone is most commonly dislocated?

Accepted Answer

The lunate bone is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone, often resulting from a fall on an outstretched hand, leading to significant wrist pain and dysfunction.

Question 10

Which carpal bone is palpable as the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

Accepted Answer

The scaphoid bone is palpable at the floor of the anatomical snuffbox, which is a triangular depression on the lateral aspect of the wrist.

Question 11

Which of the following is a nonarticular fracture of the radius occurring approximately 1.5 inches proximal to the radiocarpal joint,causing the distal radius to be displaced dorsally?

Accepted Answer

Colles' fracture is a nonarticular fracture of the radius occurring approximately 1.5 inches proximal to the radiocarpal joint, causing the distal radius to be displaced dorsally. Reverse Colles' fracture is a rare type where the fracture line is on the volar side of the distal radius. Tom's fracture and Smith's fracture are both articular fractures of the distal radius with different types of displacement.

Question 12

Which bone in the hand is involved in a boxer's fracture?

Accepted Answer

A boxer's fracture is a break in the neck of the fifth metacarpal, which is the bone that connects the little finger to the wrist.

Question 13

What is the special test used to support or refute the presence of de Quervain syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The special test used to support or refute the presence of de Quervain syndrome is Finkelstein's test. This involves making a fist with the thumb inside the fingers and then bending the wrist towards the little finger. If this causes pain on the thumb-side of the wrist, it is a positive test for de Quervain syndrome. Phalen's test is used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome, Adson's test is used to diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome, and Tinel's sign is used to assess nerve regeneration following injury.

Question 14

Trauma or pathology to which nerve results in a drop-wrist deformity?

Accepted Answer

A drop-wrist deformity is caused by damage to the radial nerve, which innervates the muscles responsible for wrist and finger extension. Damage to the ulnar nerve can result in a claw hand deformity, damage to the median nerve can result in a carpal tunnel syndrome or pronator teres syndrome, and damage to the musculocutaneous nerve can result in weakness of elbow flexion.

Question 15

What is the muscle responsible for flexing the four proximal interphalangeal (PIP)joints?

Accepted Answer

The muscle responsible for flexing the four proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints is the flexor digitorum superficialis.

Question 16

Which nerve travels through the tunnel of Guyon?

Accepted Answer

The nerve that travels through the tunnel of Guyon is the ulnar nerve. The tunnel of Guyon is a narrow passageway in the wrist that allows the ulnar nerve and artery to pass from the forearm into the hand. Compression of the ulnar nerve at the tunnel of Guyon can result in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.

Question 17

What is the primary extensor of the lateral four fingers' interphalangeal (IP)joints and assists in wrist extension?

Accepted Answer

The extensor digitorum communis is the primary extensor of the lateral four fingers' interphalangeal (IP) joints and assists in wrist extension.

Question 18

Which nerve travels through the carpal tunnel in the wrist?

Accepted Answer

The median nerve travels through the carpal tunnel in the wrist.

Question 19

What is a benign collection of thick fluid within a tendinous sheath or joint capsule found on the wrist and hand called?

Accepted Answer

A collection of thick fluid within a tendinous sheath or joint capsule found on the wrist and hand is called a ganglion cyst. Baker's cyst, popliteal cyst, and pilonidal cyst are not related to the wrist or hand; Baker's cyst is found behind the knee joint, popliteal cyst is a type of Baker's cyst, and pilonidal cyst is found near the tailbone.

Question 20

Which ligament forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

Accepted Answer

The transverse carpal ligament forms the roof of the carpal tunnel, which is a passageway located in the wrist. The carpal tunnel contains the median nerve and several tendons that allow for movement of the fingers and wrist.

Quiz 17: Wrist, Hand, and Finger Pathologies