Question 1

Lydia Corfield, a humanistic-existential psychotherapist, is most likely to make which of the following statements to her clients about their objectives for therapy?

Accepted Answer

As a humanistic-existential psychotherapist, Lydia Corfield is likely to prioritize the exploration and discovery of clients' perceptions and decisions, leading to a deeper understanding of oneself. This approach aligns more closely with the humanistic-existential perspective than the other options provided. Option A refers to a behaviorist approach, B to a psychoanalytic approach, and C to a more sociocultural approach.

Question 2

In comparison to traditional psychoanalysts, neoanalysts place less emphasis on

Accepted Answer

Neoanalysts still place some emphasis on unconscious processes, but it is less central to their theory than it was for traditional psychoanalysts. Neoanalysts tend to focus more on interpersonal dynamics and the role of the therapist-client relationship, rather than solely on internal conflict and unconscious drives. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as neoanalysts place less emphasis on unconscious processes.

Question 3

Jean Blake, a psychiatrist who is strongly influenced by the social-cognitive perspective, is most likely to take which approach in treating a male client who is extremely shy of females?

Accepted Answer

The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes learning through observation and imitation, so Jean Blake would likely encourage the client to observe and imitate models who interact successfully with women.

Question 4

Five-year-old Todd watched his father at his workbench, hammering together a birdhouse. Soon Todd was next to his father, hammer in hand, tapping the workbench. Todd's behavior is best described by which perspective?

Accepted Answer

Todd's behavior is best explained by the social-cognitive perspective, which emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of others, as Todd is imitating his father's actions.

Question 5

Cathy was a very successful real estate agent. At age 36 she decided to donate her wealth to charity and become a missionary in Haiti, where she has been living in relative contentment for the past two years. Which perspective would best explain Cathy's behavior?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes individuals' capacity for personal growth and self-actualization, as well as their desire to find meaning and purpose in life. Cathy's decision to donate her wealth and become a missionary in Haiti suggests that she is motivated by a desire to make a meaningful contribution to the world and to live in alignment with her values and beliefs, which is consistent with the humanistic-existential perspective.

Question 6

Which perspective dominated psychotherapy during the 1940s and 1950s?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which perspective dominated psychotherapy during the 1940s...

Question 7

The view that people have the freedom to choose and be responsible for their own behavior represents the ____________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes personal choice, responsibility and the individual's ability to change and improve their circumstances. It is focused on the present and future rather than past influences, which aligns with the concept of personal freedom and responsibility. The other perspectives, sociocultural, cognitive and psychodynamic, focus on external factors such as culture, thought processes and unconscious influences on behavior, respectively.

Question 8

Dr. Jacobi is studying the effects of bilingualism on the intellectual development of children. She wants to know whether learning both English and Spanish has an impact on intelligence scores in both languages. Most likely, Dr. Jacobi follows a __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Jacobi's research on the effects of bilingualism on intellectual development and language proficiency is focused on the sociocultural perspective, which emphasizes the importance of cultural and environmental factors in shaping cognitive development, including language acquisition, socialization, and learning. Therefore, D is the best choice among the given options.

Question 9

The sociocultural perspective is concerned with the

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective is concerned with the issues of gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Question 10

Both social-cognitive theorists and behaviorists adhere to the __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Both social-cognitive theorists and behaviorists focus on learning and the environmental factors that influence behavior. They both adhere to the learning perspective, which emphasizes the importance of conditioning and reinforcement in shaping behavior.

Question 11

Kenneth and Mamie Clark conducted research on the negative effects of ______________ on African American children.

Accepted Answer

Kenneth and Mamie Clark's research focused on the negative effects of school segregation on African American children. They conducted the famous "doll test" in which children were asked to choose between a white doll and a black doll, and the majority of African American children chose the white doll, indicating a preference for white and internalized racism due to segregation.

Question 12

Whose research on the negative effects of school segregation on African American children was cited by the United States Supreme Court when it overturned the "separate but equal" school doctrine in 1954?

Accepted Answer

The Clarks, specifically Kenneth and Mamie Clark, conducted research on the negative effects of school segregation on African American children which was cited by the United States Supreme Court in its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, overturning the "separate but equal" school doctrine.

Question 13

The issues of ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status are the concerns of the __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective is focused on understanding how social and cultural factors such as ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status influence human behavior and development. Therefore, it is the best choice for this question. The humanistic-existential perspective is more concerned with individual experiences and personal growth, while the psychoanalytic perspective is focused on the internal, unconscious conflicts of an individual. The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the role of learning and cognition in behavior, but does not specifically address ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT likely the concern of sociocultural psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Color perception is not likely the concern of sociocultural psychologists as it is more closely related to physiological and neurological processes rather than social and cultural factors. The other options, alcohol abuse among ethnic minority groups, gender roles, and racial bias, are all topics that sociocultural psychologists would likely study as they are related to social and cultural factors.

Question 15

Dr. Rabin is studying whether Asian men are more or less likely to seek treatment for clinical depression as part of a larger study of Asian men's attitudes toward health issues. Dr. Rabin is most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

The study of Asian men's attitudes toward health issues suggests an interest in cultural and societal factors, which falls under the realm of sociocultural psychology.

Question 16

Dr. Maloff is studying the effects of ethnic bias on the school performance of immigrant children. Most likely, Dr. Maloff is a __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Maloff is studying the sociocultural factors that affect the school performance of immigrant children. This indicates that Dr. Maloff is a sociocultural psychologist, who focuses on the impact of cultural and social factors on behavior and mental processes.

Question 17

The humanistic-existential perspective unites __________ and __________ as central principles to its approach.

Accepted Answer

The humanistic-existential perspective is centered around the individual's self-fulfillment and free choice. This perspective emphasizes the importance of personal growth, self-awareness, and the pursuit of happiness, as well as the freedom to choose one's own path in life. It emphasizes the uniqueness and value of every individual, and rejects the idea that people are simply products of their environment or genetics. Thus, the best choice is B.

Question 18

A distinction between behavioral and social-cognitive perspectives is that the former emphasizes __________, and the latter emphasizes __________ in learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A distinction between behavioral and social-cognitive perspectives...

Question 19

Membership in an ethnic group is defined by common features such as

Accepted Answer

Ethnic groups are defined by common cultural heritage, language, and history. Attitudes, values, religion, genetic variables, socioeconomic status, and political identity may be factors that contribute to the identification with an ethnic group, but they do not define the group itself.

Question 20

__________ psychologists take the position that learning is essential in describing, predicting, controlling, and explaining behavior.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral psychologists believe that learning, particularly through reinforcement and punishment, is essential in describing, predicting, controlling, and explaining behavior. They focus on measurable and observable behavior rather than mental processes or unconscious conflicts.

Quiz 1: What Is Psychology