Question 1

Which organelle could you remove and the cell would still survive?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which organelle could you remove and the...

Question 2

When a plant cell divides,how would you expect its chloroplasts to divide?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts in plant cells divide by binary fission, which is the process of the chloroplast replicating its own genetic material and splitting in half to create two daughter chloroplasts. This is similar to how bacteria divide. Chloroplasts do not undergo mitosis or meiosis, as they are not cells themselves, but organelles within the cell. Endosymbiosis is the theory that explains how eukaryotic cells, including plant cells, acquired chloroplasts through the process of symbiotic incorporation of photosynthetic bacteria.

Question 3

What do the nucleus and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum have in common?

Accepted Answer

The membranes of the nucleus and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are interconnected as part of the endomembrane system within a cell.

Question 4

By what means do the amoebas move?

Accepted Answer

Amoebas move by extending their pseudopodia, which are temporary projections of the cytoplasm. They can also retract their pseudopodia to change direction or stop moving altogether.

Question 5

Which of the terrestrial unicellular protists is an enormous cell with multiple nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Slime molds are terrestrial unicellular protists that are known for their enormous cell size and multiple nuclei. They are sometimes also referred to as "acellular" or "plasmodial" slime molds because their cytoplasm is not divided into individual cells but instead contains many nuclei.

Question 6

Which is not a method of introducing new genes into a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission is a normal process of bacterial cell division and does not involve the introduction of new genes into the bacterium. Transformation, transduction, and conjugation are all methods of introducing new genes into a bacterium.

Question 7

Which organelle can survive outside of the cells?

Accepted Answer

No organelles can survive outside the cell. Organelles are specialized structures within cells that carry out specific functions, and they are dependent on the cell for survival. They cannot survive outside of the cell.

Question 8

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria is not part of the endomembrane system. It is an organelle involved in cellular respiration and energy production, but it has its own distinct membrane system that is not connected to the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. The endomembrane system includes the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and rough endoplasmic reticulum, among other structures, which are involved in synthesis, processing, and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following is a form of reproduction in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transformation and transduction are methods of genetic exchange in bacteria, not forms of reproduction. Bacterial reproduction typically occurs through binary fission.

Question 10

There are more helpful types of bacteria on this planet than harmful types.

Accepted Answer

There are countless helpful bacteria that exist on this planet, many of which contribute to important ecological and biological processes, such as nutrient cycling, decomposition, and digestion. While there are certainly harmful bacteria as well, their number is relatively small in comparison to the vast number of beneficial types of bacteria.

Question 11

Approximately when did the earth's crust solidify?

Accepted Answer

It is believed that the Earth's crust solidified around 4 billion years ago, as a result of the cooling and solidification of the molten rock that made up the planet's early magma ocean.

Question 12

What might be the advantage to a cell if it assimilated an ingested photosynthetic bacterium rather than digesting it?

Accepted Answer

If a cell assimilates an ingested photosynthetic bacterium, it will be able to use sunlight to make its food via photosynthesis. This would provide the cell with a more efficient and reliable energy source than relying on external sources of nutrients or other organisms for food. This could be particularly advantageous in environments where nutrient availability is low or inconsistent.

Question 13

Which version of "bacterial DNA transfer" involves a physical connection between the two bacteria cells?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation involves the formation of a physical connection, called a conjugation tube, between two bacterial cells allowing for the transfer of genetic material from one bacteria to another. Transformation involves the uptake and incorporation of naked DNA from the environment, Transduction involves the transfer of genetic material through a bacteriophage, and Binary fission is the process by which bacteria reproduce by splitting into two identical daughter cells.

Question 14

Viruses that infect bacteria are called ________.

Accepted Answer

Viruses that infect bacteria are called phages. Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently in a cell. Viroids are infectious agents composed of only RNA and are smaller than viruses. Vectors are organisms or agents that transmit a pathogen from one host to another.

Question 15

What do the nucleus and mitochondria have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both the nucleus and mitochondria contain DNA. The nucleus is the site of the cell's genetic information, while mitochondria have their own DNA that encodes some of the proteins needed for mitochondrial function.

Question 16

What makes an organism truly multicellular?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What makes an organism truly multicellular?
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Question 17

Which protist group includes members with plantlike traits such as chloroplasts and multicellularity?

Accepted Answer

Algae are the protist group that includes members with plantlike traits such as chloroplasts and multicellularity. Some algae even have cell walls made of cellulose, which is also found in plants. Slime molds and amoebas lack chloroplasts and are not multicellular in the way that algae can be.

Question 18

What is the leading scientific theory on how the first nuclear membrane originated?

Accepted Answer

The leading scientific theory on how the first nuclear membrane originated is from the inward folding of the plasma membrane. This theory suggests that the plasma membrane of an ancestral cell folded inwards and formed a double membrane system around the genetic material, which eventually led to the development of a distinct nuclear membrane.

Question 19

Are all bacteria in a colony genetically identical?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria can acquire new genetic material through processes such as transformation, transduction, and conjugation, which allows for genetic diversity within a colony. However, it should be noted that certain bacteria can also undergo sexual reproduction, which also leads to genetic diversity within the offspring.

Question 20

When did the first eukaryotic cell form?

Accepted Answer

The first prokaryotic cells are thought to have formed around 3.5 billion years ago, while the first evidence of eukaryotic cells doesn't appear until around 2.1 billion years ago, making it about a billion years after the first prokaryotic cell was formed.

Quiz 8: Biodiversity 1: Microscopic Organisms