Question 1

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the most basic level of needs is:

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that physiological needs, such as air, water, food, shelter, and sleep, are the most fundamental and critical needs for human survival, and they must be satisfied before any other needs can be fulfilled.

Question 2

The desire to have satisfying relationships with others and feel a sense of love, affection, belonging, and acceptance is a reflection of _____ need.

Accepted Answer

The desire for satisfying relationships and sense of love, affection, belonging, and acceptance is a social need, which is one of the basic needs identified by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs. Physiological needs are related to basic survival needs like food, water, shelter, and sleep. Self-actualization and esteem needs are higher level needs related to personal growth, achievement, and self-worth. Safety needs are related to security, stability, and protection.

Question 3

Which of the following is the most relevant internal psychological process associated with the problem recognition stage of the consumer decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Motivation is the most relevant internal psychological process associated with the problem recognition stage. Consumers become motivated to search for a solution when they perceive a need or problem in their current situation.

Question 4

Which of the following statements describe a situation in which marketer-induced problem recognition was used?

Accepted Answer

The statement describes Shopaholic, a clothing and accessories brand, sending newsletters to all its customers at the end of each summer, stating that their existing wardrobe might be out of style, implying that they induced problem recognition in their customers.

Option B describes a situation where problem recognition occurs naturally as the DVD player requires a cable connection to work correctly, and Option C describes a situation where the customer realizes the problem himself, with no input from marketers.

Option D describes a promotional activity that might have prompted customers to make purchases but does not relate to problem recognition. Option E describes a situation where problem recognition occurs naturally, as the customer realizes the need for new shoes after suffering an injury.

Question 5

Marketers encourage _____ by introducing new brands into markets that are already saturated and by using advertising and sales promotion techniques such as free samples, introductory price offers, and coupons.

Accepted Answer

Marketers encourage brand switching by introducing new brands into saturated markets and using promotional techniques like free samples and coupons to entice consumers to try different brands.

Question 6

Which of the following is the first stage of the consumer decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

The first stage of the consumer decision-making process is problem recognition, which occurs when a consumer recognizes a need or want that is not currently being fulfilled.

Question 7

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the highest level of needs is _____ need.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest level of need. Self-actualization refers to achieving one's full potential and fulfilling one's creative ambitions. It is considered the ultimate goal of human existence and represents the need for personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 8

Which of the following is the most relevant internal psychological process associated with the post purchase evaluation stage of the consumer decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Learning is the most relevant internal psychological process associated with the post purchase evaluation stage of the consumer decision-making process. This is because, during this stage, consumers learn from their experiences with the product and form opinions about its overall value. This learning can inform future purchasing decisions and influence brand loyalty.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most relevant internal psychological process associated with the alternative evaluation stage of the consumer decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Attitude formation is the most relevant internal psychological process during the alternative evaluation stage, as consumers form attitudes towards different options based on their evaluations.

Question 10

_____ can be defined as the process and activities people engage in when searching for, selecting, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services so as to satisfy their needs and desires.

Accepted Answer

Consumer behavior is the process that involves all the activities and actions a person takes while finding, evaluating, buying, using, and disposing of the products or services. It is affected by various factors such as cultural, social, psychological, personal, and economic that influence the decision-making process. Understanding consumer behavior helps marketers to develop effective marketing strategies, build strong relationships with customers, and gain a competitive advantage.

Question 11

Robert, the CEO of a software company in Houston, has fulfilled his career goals. Therefore, he decides to retire and help eliminate societal problems. In order to achieve this, he starts a charitable organization that helps in educating underprivileged children. With respect to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, Robert is looking to fulfill his _____ need.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that each person has a hierarchy of needs that must be satisfied, and higher-level needs cannot be met until lower-level needs have been satisfied. The highest level of need is self-actualization, which refers to the fulfillment of one's full potential and the desire to be creative and productive. Therefore, Robert's decision to retire and help eliminate societal problems by starting a charitable organization indicates that he is seeking to fulfill his self-actualization need.

Question 12

Lower-level needs such as hunger and thirst are important to marketers because these needs:

Accepted Answer

Lower-level needs such as hunger and thirst are ongoing sources of motivation for most consumer purchase behavior. Therefore, marketers need to understand and target these needs to influence consumer behavior.

Question 13

Robert, an automobile engineer, detects a strange noise emanating from the engine of his car. As he is an expert mechanic, he diagnosed that the car required a new fan belt. Which of the following stages of the consumer decision-making process is represented in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The scenario represents the problem recognition stage, as Robert has identified a problem or need (the strange noise) that requires a solution (a new fan belt).

Question 14

Which of the following is the most relevant internal psychological process associated with the purchase decision stage of the consumer decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Integration is the internal psychological process where consumers combine information and evaluate alternatives to make a purchase decision.

Question 15

Which of the following is the most relevant internal psychological process associated with the information search stage of the consumer decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Perception is the most relevant internal psychological process associated with the information search stage of the consumer decision-making process. This is because perception is the process of interpreting and organizing sensory information to create a meaningful understanding of the world around us. During the information search stage, consumers are exposed to various sources of information and must perceive and organize this information in order to make decisions.

Question 16

Psychoanalytic theory was pioneered by _____.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory was pioneered by Sigmund Freud.

Question 17

Jack, a student, has applied for a job in one of the top private banks in the U.S. Jack feels securing a job with a private bank would fulfill his desire for steady employment. With respect to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, by securing a career in private banking, Jack is most likely to fulfill his _____ needs.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory suggests that safety needs are one of the fundamental needs of an individual, which includes job security, financial stability, and a predictable lifestyle. By securing a job in a private bank, Jack would fulfill his safety needs as it provides him with a steady source of employment and financial stability.

Question 18

_____ theory is an approach that deals with the structure and development of personality and focuses on the underlying motivations for human behavior.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on the structure and development of personality and the underlying motivations for human behavior. It emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior. Maslow's hierarchy is a theory that explains human motivation, but it does not focus on personality development. Lamarckian theory refers to the inheritance of acquired characteristics and is not related to personality or behavior. World-systems theory is a sociological theory that explains global economic and political systems. Structuration theory focuses on the relationship between agency and structure in socio-cultural contexts.

Question 19

With respect to motivation research, which of the following is a technique in which a small number of people with similar backgrounds and/or interests are brought together to discuss a particular product, idea, or issue?

Accepted Answer

Focus groups are a qualitative research technique in which a small group of people with similar backgrounds and/or interests are brought together to discuss a particular product, idea, or issue. This method allows researchers to gain feedback and insights from participants in a group setting, revealing group attitudes and consensus.

Question 20

Which of the following consumer behaviors leads them to seek different brands and try out various options?

Accepted Answer

Novelty-seeking behavior is a consumer behavior that leads them to seek different brands and try out various options. It is often linked to consumer curiosity and a desire for new experiences. Consumers who exhibit novelty-seeking behavior are more likely to switch brands and are open to trying new products.

Quiz 4: Perspectives on Consumer Behavior