Question 1

The key components of the immune system are white blood cells known as _____

Accepted Answer

The answer of The key components of the immune system...

Question 2

In the field of _____, psychologists, biologists, and medical researchers combine their expertise to study the effects of psychological factors on the immune system.

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology is the field that combines psychology, biology, and medical research to study the relationship between psychological factors and the immune system. Psychopathology is the study of mental disorders. The biomedical approach is a general term used to describe a medical-focused approach to healthcare. Neuropharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system. Only option B accurately describes the field being described.

Question 3

Darla is a physician who asks about physical symptoms when diagnosing illnesses in her patients. Jack is a physician who asks his patients questions about their lifestyle, their environment, their level of stress, and their physical symptoms when diagnosing illnesses in his patients. Based on this information, it is likely that Darla works from the _____ whereas Jack works from the _____

Accepted Answer

Darla focuses on physical symptoms only (biomedical model), whereas Jack focuses on lifestyle, physical symptoms, stress, and so on (biopsychosocial model).

Question 4

Which of the following researchers studied the effects of stress on health and the body?

Accepted Answer

Hans Selye is known for his work on stress and its effects on the body, specifically his model of the General Adaptation Syndrome. The other researchers listed have studied emotions (Eysenck), stress and coping strategies (Lazarus), and the theory of emotion (James Lange).

Question 5

A group of students was tested after a week of final exams. They were found to have a lowered antibody count, indicating a suppressed immune system. Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that the students had a lowered antibody count indicating a suppressed immune system after a week of final exams. It does not mention any immediate recovery of their immune system or their health. Therefore, A and B can be ruled out. Additionally, the statement does not provide any information about the students' stress levels, so D can also be ruled out. The only option left is C, which states that they still had a low antibody count two weeks later, indicating that their immune system had not fully recovered.

Question 6

A(n)_____ is a microorganism that can cause illness.

Accepted Answer

A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause illness. Lymphocytes and T cells are both types of immune cells, and antibodies are proteins produced by lymphocytes to fight off pathogens. However, only pathogen fits the given definition.

Question 7

The _____ model focuses on health as well as illness and holds that both are determined by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Accepted Answer

The biomedical model (A) views illness as purely a result of biological factors, while the Lazarus model (B) emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in stress and coping. The biopsychosocial model (C) takes into account all three aspects - biological, psychological, and social - in determining health and illness.

Question 8

Helen is a researcher interested in topics such as cancer and heart disease. She wants her psychological research to address why some people get sick, how some people stay healthy, and what they do when they get sick in order to try to recover. Helen is likely a _____

Accepted Answer

Helen's career focus is clearly in line with the description of health psychology.

Question 9

Research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology has shown that stress is _____ correlated with inflammation and disease.

Accepted Answer

Research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology has shown that stress is positively correlated with inflammation and disease. Chronic stress can lead to inflammation in the body, which can cause a multitude of health problems, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders.

Question 10

Winona quit her job last year to care for her husband, Phil, who she loves very much. He has Alzheimer's disease. She does not sleep well at all and hasn't for quite some time. Which of the following is likely true regarding Winona?

Accepted Answer

Winona's stress level lowers her immune system function, which puts her at high risk for illness.

Question 11

Which of the following pairs would result in a negative correlation?

Accepted Answer

As antigens increase, wellness decreases.

Question 12

_____ are the most important factors within the immune system as it relates to proper functioning.

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system's ability to defend against infections and diseases. They are responsible for recognizing and attacking foreign substances, such as viruses and bacteria, and promoting the production of antibodies to protect against future infections. While antigens, bacteria, and viruses are important components of the immune system, they are not as fundamental to proper functioning as lymphocytes.

Question 13

T cells are to _____ as B cells are to _____

Accepted Answer

T cells are produced by the thymus, whereas B cells are produced in the bone marrow.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding the immune system?

Accepted Answer

B cells produce antibodies which are specific proteins that work to target and destroy foreign cells or pathogens in the body. T cells can also play a role in immune system function, but too many T cells can actually lead to autoimmune disorders where the immune system attacks the body's own healthy cells. The level of antigens in the body can indicate the presence of an infection or disease, but this does not necessarily correlate with better health. Lymphocytes are actually a type of white blood cell that includes both B and T cells, and they work together to protect the body against pathogens.

Question 15

When an individual feels that both health and illness are a product of psychological, biological, and social forces, he/she believes in the _____

Accepted Answer

This perspective defines the biopsychosocial model.

Question 16

Psychoneuroimmunologists believe that _____ are important factors with respect to immune system functioning.

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunologists believe that a combination of stress, emotions, thinking, and behavior are important factors with respect to the immune system functioning. Research has shown that psychological factors such as stress, depression, and anxiety can weaken the immune system, while positive emotions, such as happiness and social support, can enhance it. Additionally, thinking patterns and behaviors, such as exercise and nutrition, can also impact immune system functioning. Therefore, a comprehensive approach that considers all of these factors is important for maintaining optimal immune system health.

Question 17

A researcher who describes illness solely in terms of biological causes and factors is using a(n)_____

Accepted Answer

The biomedical model of illness focuses solely on biological factors that cause and maintain illness. It does not take into account psychological or social factors.

Question 18

In the _____ response to stress, the _____ nervous system and the endocrine glands prepare the body to take action.

Accepted Answer

The fight-or-flight response involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones by the endocrine glands, which prepare the body to either confront or escape from a perceived threat. This response is a physiological reaction to stress and is often accompanied by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, as well as dilated pupils and increased sweating.

Question 19

_____, a subfield within psychology, is concerned with the psychological factors that contribute to health, illness, and recovery.

Accepted Answer

Health psychology is the subfield within psychology that focuses on the psychological factors that contribute to health, illness, and recovery. Psychoneuroimmunology, on the other hand, is the study of how psychological factors relate to the immune system and its functioning. The biopsychosocial model is a general framework that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness. Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect the nervous system and behavior.

Question 20

All cells foreign to the body, such as bacteria and viruses, are known as _____

Accepted Answer

Antigens are molecules that are foreign to the body and can trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. This includes cells such as bacteria and viruses. T cells and lymphocytes are types of immune cells, while antibodies are proteins produced by immune cells in response to antigens.

Quiz 10: Health and Stress