Question 1

Amanda is ten. According to gender schema theory, it is likely that she is refining her gender schema by identifying the difference between the _____ and the _____ components of gender-related expectations.

Accepted Answer

At ten years of age, children are able to think more flexibly about their schema. Amanda would be able to recognize the difference between the natural gender roles (such as that women bear children)and arbitrary gender roles (such as women, not men, wear high heels).

Question 2

Jeremy is four years old and constructing rules to refine his gender schema. When he sees a boy neighbor playing with a doll, he is most likely to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

At Jeremy's age, children are making rules to help them determine what should or should not be in their gender schema. At this time, they tend to think very rigidly about what is appropriate for boys and for girls.

Question 3

The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI)classifies individuals who are score high on both gender role scales as _____; and those who do not identify with either gender role as _____

Accepted Answer

The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) classifies individuals who score high on both gender role scales as androgynous, meaning they possess characteristics traditionally associated with both males and females. Those who do not identify with either gender role are classified as undifferentiated.

Question 4

Learning theorists argued that gender roles were nothing but _____

Accepted Answer

The learning theorists included those that focused on social learning, operant or classical conditioning, but what they all agreed on is that gender roles were nothing but learned behaviors.

Question 5

Kohlberg's theory is a _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

Because it is based on stages of development that parallel cognitive development, it is a cognitive-developmental theory.

Question 6

Psychoanalytic theory proposes gender role development is a(an)_____ process.

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, gender role development is driven by unconscious processes related to identification with same-sex parent and resolving the Oedipus and Electra complexes. Therefore, it is considered to be an unconscious process.

Question 7

Sandra Bem, among others, proposed that one's gender role is a combination of _____

Accepted Answer

Sandra Bem proposed that one's gender role is a combination of masculine and feminine traits, rather than strictly adhering to traditional gender roles of maleness and femaleness. This concept is known as androgyny. The other options, such as classical and operant conditioning or social learning and operant conditioning, may play a role in shaping behavior, but they do not account for the combination of gender traits proposed by Bem.

Question 8

Males and females show similar patterns of mating behaviors even in very different cultures. This observation supports the _____ theory of gender role development.

Accepted Answer

When a behavior is common to a species, and does not change according to social norms or cultural influences, it supports the evolutionary perspective.

Question 9

The song, "I Want a Girl Just Like the Girl Who Married Dear Old Dad" reflects the _____ view of gender role development.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic perspective is that we are attracted to our same sex parent, therefore wanting a girl like your mother as your adult sexual partner is a reflection of the psychoanalytic view.

Question 10

Skye is 7 years old. According to Kohlberg, what stage of gender role development has he recently reached, and how does it affect his behavior?

Accepted Answer

Gender constancy occurs between 7 and 8 years of age according to Kohlberg's theory. Once gender constancy occurs, the child looks increasingly to adult same-gender role models.

Question 11

Svetlana believes that gender role development occurs through resolving the conflict between attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent. Svetlana takes the _____ view of gender role development.

Accepted Answer

This is a description of the Oedipus and Electra Complexes- a Freudian, psychoanalytic perspective.

Question 12

According to gender schema theory, after a child consistently labels themselves as a boy or a girl, they will next begin to refine their schema by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to gender schema theory, children will refine their schema by starting to prefer stereotypical gender-appropriate toys and clothing. This is because they are trying to align their behavior with what they perceive as being appropriate for their gender.

Question 13

It is considered a significant leap forward that, in the 1970s, it was proposed that gender roles were NOT _____

Accepted Answer

The previous concept of gender roles as either/or, male/female, did not reflect human experience as well. This new conceptualization paved the way for better theories.

Question 14

Kohlberg developed the idea of developmental stages in acquiring gender roles. These stages, in the correct order, are gender _____

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's stages of gender development are gender identity, gender stability, and gender constancy, in that order.

Question 15

Gender schema theory proposes our gender role development is based on the characteristics of our _____ system.

Accepted Answer

Gender schema theory proposes that our gender role development is based on the characteristics of our information-processing system. According to this theory, we develop cognitive structures, or schemas, that organize our perception of the world in gendered ways, which in turn influences our behavior and attitudes towards gender roles.

Question 16

A combination of _____ masculine and feminine characteristics in one person was termed _____ by Bem.

Accepted Answer

Bem termed a combination of masculine and feminine characteristics in one person as androgyny. Androgyny is viewed as desirable as it allows individuals to exhibit a wide range of traits, regardless of gender stereotypes.

Question 17

Walter Mischel, in contrast to Freud, focused on _____ and _____ as a significant part of acquiring gender roles.

Accepted Answer

Walter Mischel emphasized that imitation and reinforcement play a crucial role in acquiring gender roles. This contrasts with Freud's belief in the importance of biological and psychosexual factors.

Question 18

A criticism of the Bem Sex Role Inventory is that the categories it uses perpetuate _____

Accepted Answer

The BSRI uses adjectives that are viewed as masculine, feminine, or neutral, and score individuals based on the words they identify themselves with. It has been criticized for perpetuating stereotypes by using masculine and feminine as categories for words and scoring.

Question 19

Lewis Terman and Catherine Cox Miles developed a test of masculinity and femininity based on the idea that these are _____

Accepted Answer

Terman and Miles developed their test based on the idea that masculinity and femininity are opposites, reflecting the prevailing views of gender during their time.

Question 20

According to Kohlberg, gender stability is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg, gender stability is the awareness that boys are boys and girls are girls for a lifetime. It refers to the understanding that gender is a stable trait and does not change over time, even if one's activities or clothing choices vary. This is a crucial step in a child's gender identity development.

Quiz 15: Human Sexuality and Gender

Amanda is ten. According to gender schema theory, it is likely that she is refining her gender schema by identifying the difference between the _ and the _ components of gender-related expectations.

Jeremy is four years old and constructing rules to refine his gender schema. When he sees a boy neighbor playing with a doll, he is most likely to do which of the following?

The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) classifies individuals who are score high on both gender role scales as _; and those who do not identify with either gender role as _

Learning theorists argued that gender roles were nothing but _____

Kohlberg's theory is a _____ theory.

Psychoanalytic theory proposes gender role development is a(an) _____ process.

Sandra Bem, among others, proposed that one's gender role is a combination of _____

Males and females show similar patterns of mating behaviors even in very different cultures. This observation supports the _____ theory of gender role development.

The song, "I Want a Girl Just Like the Girl Who Married Dear Old Dad" reflects the _____ view of gender role development.

Skye is 7 years old. According to Kohlberg, what stage of gender role development has he recently reached, and how does it affect his behavior?

Svetlana believes that gender role development occurs through resolving the conflict between attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent. Svetlana takes the _____ view of gender role development.

According to gender schema theory, after a child consistently labels themselves as a boy or a girl, they will next begin to refine their schema by which of the following?

It is considered a significant leap forward that, in the 1970s, it was proposed that gender roles were NOT _____

Kohlberg developed the idea of developmental stages in acquiring gender roles. These stages, in the correct order, are gender _____

Gender schema theory proposes our gender role development is based on the characteristics of our _____ system.

A combination of _ masculine and feminine characteristics in one person was termed _ by Bem.

Walter Mischel, in contrast to Freud, focused on _ and _ as a significant part of acquiring gender roles.

A criticism of the Bem Sex Role Inventory is that the categories it uses perpetuate _____

Lewis Terman and Catherine Cox Miles developed a test of masculinity and femininity based on the idea that these are _____

According to Kohlberg, gender stability is which of the following?

Quiz 15: Human Sexuality and Gender

Amanda is ten. According to gender schema theory, it is likely that she is refining her gender schema by identifying the difference between the _____ and the _____ components of gender-related expectations.

Jeremy is four years old and constructing rules to refine his gender schema. When he sees a boy neighbor playing with a doll, he is most likely to do which of the following?

The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) classifies individuals who are score high on both gender role scales as _____; and those who do not identify with either gender role as _____

Learning theorists argued that gender roles were nothing but _____

Kohlberg's theory is a _____ theory.

Psychoanalytic theory proposes gender role development is a(an) _____ process.

Sandra Bem, among others, proposed that one's gender role is a combination of _____

Males and females show similar patterns of mating behaviors even in very different cultures. This observation supports the _____ theory of gender role development.

The song, "I Want a Girl Just Like the Girl Who Married Dear Old Dad" reflects the _____ view of gender role development.

Skye is 7 years old. According to Kohlberg, what stage of gender role development has he recently reached, and how does it affect his behavior?

Svetlana believes that gender role development occurs through resolving the conflict between attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent. Svetlana takes the _____ view of gender role development.

According to gender schema theory, after a child consistently labels themselves as a boy or a girl, they will next begin to refine their schema by which of the following?

It is considered a significant leap forward that, in the 1970s, it was proposed that gender roles were NOT _____

Kohlberg developed the idea of developmental stages in acquiring gender roles. These stages, in the correct order, are gender _____

Gender schema theory proposes our gender role development is based on the characteristics of our _____ system.

A combination of _____ masculine and feminine characteristics in one person was termed _____ by Bem.

Walter Mischel, in contrast to Freud, focused on _____ and _____ as a significant part of acquiring gender roles.

A criticism of the Bem Sex Role Inventory is that the categories it uses perpetuate _____

Lewis Terman and Catherine Cox Miles developed a test of masculinity and femininity based on the idea that these are _____

According to Kohlberg, gender stability is which of the following?

Amanda is ten. According to gender schema theory, it is likely that she is refining her gender schema by identifying the difference between the _ and the _ components of gender-related expectations.

The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) classifies individuals who are score high on both gender role scales as _; and those who do not identify with either gender role as _

A combination of _ masculine and feminine characteristics in one person was termed _ by Bem.

Walter Mischel, in contrast to Freud, focused on _ and _ as a significant part of acquiring gender roles.