Question 1

When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the _____ valve into the _____.

Accepted Answer

When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves open, allowing blood to flow out of the ventricles. When the right ventricle contracts, blood that is low in oxygen flows through the pulmonic valve into the right and left pulmonary arteries. When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the aortic valve into the aorta and out to the body.

Question 2

The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is _____.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (Ach) is a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) released when parasympathetic nerves are stimulated. Ach binds to parasympathetic receptors.

Question 3

Thin strands of fibrous connective tissue extend from the atrioventricular (AV) valves to the papillary muscles and prevent the AV valves from bulging back into the atria during ventricular systole. These strands are called _____.

Accepted Answer

Chordae tendineae are thin strands of connective tissue. On one end, they are attached to the underside of the AV valves. On the other end, they are attached to small mounds of myocardium called papillary muscles. Papillary muscles project inward from the lower portion of the ventricular walls. When the ventricles contract and relax, so do the papillary muscles. The papillary muscles adjust their tension on the chordae tendineae, preventing them from bulging too far into the atria. Cardiac cilia are not present. Purkinje fibers are related to the electrical system of the heart and not fibrous connective tissue.

Question 4

The _____ artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.

Accepted Answer

The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.

Question 5

Match each item to the correct description below.
-Amount of blood flowing into the right atrium each minute from the systemic circulation.

Accepted Answer

Venous return refers to the amount of blood flowing into the right atrium each minute from the systemic circulation.

Answer: F
 Myocardial ischemia is a condition where there is insufficient blood flow to the myocardium, resulting in reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle.

Answer: A
 Acute coronary syndromes refer to a group of conditions that are caused by a sudden reduction in blood flow to the heart, including heart attack and unstable angina.

Answer: E
 The mediastinum is the central compartment of the chest that contains the heart, great vessels, thymus gland, and other structures.

Answer: D
 Chemoreceptors are specialized cells that detect changes in the chemical composition of the blood, such as changes in oxygen or carbon dioxide levels.

Answer: C
 Tamponade refers to a condition where there is excessive fluid in the pericardial space, which can lead to compression of the heart and reduce the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.

Answer: H
 Baroreceptors are specialized cells that detect changes in blood pressure and help regulate blood pressure by sending signals to the brain and the autonomic nervous system.

Answer: I
 Calcium is a mineral that plays an important role in muscle contraction, including the contraction of the heart muscle.

Question 6

Completion
-__________ is the period during which a heart chamber is contracting and blood is being ejected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-__________ is the period during which a...

Question 7

Match each item to the correct description below.
-Sensors in the internal carotid arteries and aortic arch that detect changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), oxygen, and carbon dioxide in the blood.

Accepted Answer

Sensors in the internal carotid arteries and aortic arch that detect changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), oxygen, and carbon dioxide in the blood are called chemoreceptors.

Answer: H
 Baroreceptors are sensors located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus that detect changes in blood pressure.

Answer: F
 Myocardial ischemia is a condition in which blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, resulting in oxygen and nutrient deprivation and potential damage to the heart muscle.

Answer: G
 Venous return refers to the amount of blood returning to the heart from the peripheral circulation.

Answer: I
 Calcium is an important electrolyte involved in muscle contraction, including the contraction of the heart muscle.

Note: The remaining choices (A, B, C, and E) do not match the provided description.

Question 8

Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptor sites will result in peripheral vasoconstriction.

Accepted Answer

Beta receptor sites are divided into beta1 and beta2. Beta1 receptors are found in the heart and kidneys. Stimulation of beta1 receptor sites in the heart results in increased heart rate, contractility, and ultimately irritability of cardiac cells. Stimulation of beta1 receptor sites in the kidneys results in the release of renin into the blood. Renin promotes the production of angiotensin, a powerful vasoconstrictor. Beta2 receptor sites are found in the arterioles of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. Stimulation results in dilation. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites in the smooth muscle of the bronchi results in dilation.

Question 9

Match each item to the correct description below.
-Space between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus, among other structures.

Accepted Answer

The mediastinum is the space between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus, among other structures.

Answer: C
 Tamponade refers to the compression of the heart by fluid or blood within the pericardial sac, which can cause cardiac arrest.

Answer: F
 Myocardial ischemia is a condition where there is a decreased blood flow to the heart muscle, which can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, and even heart attack.

Answer: G
 Venous return refers to the volume of blood that is returned to the heart by the veins, and is an important determinant of cardiac output.

Answer: H
 Baroreceptors are specialized nerve cells that monitor changes in blood pressure and help to maintain homeostasis.

Answer: I
 Calcium is an important electrolyte that plays a key role in muscle contraction and many other physiological processes.

Question 10

Match each item to the correct description below.
-Specialized nerve tissue located in the internal carotid arteries and the aortic arch that detect changes in blood pressure

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptors are specialized nerve tissue located in the internal carotid arteries and the aortic arch that detect changes in blood pressure.

Answer: D
 Chemoreceptors are receptors that detect changes in pH, CO2, and O2 levels, and are involved in the regulation of breathing.

Answer: E
 The mediastinum is the space in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, and other structures.

Answer: F
 Myocardial ischemia is a condition in which the blood supply to the heart muscle is reduced or blocked, leading to chest pain or discomfort.

Answer: I
 Calcium is an important mineral that plays a key role in muscle contraction, including the contraction of the heart muscle.

Note: The other choices are not directly related to the descriptions given.

Question 11

Completion
-The inferior outer surface of the heart is also called the _____ surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-The inferior outer surface of the heart...

Question 12

Completion
-The ______ chambers receive blood from the vena cava and coronary sinus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-The ______ chambers receive blood from the...

Question 13

Completion
-The _____ are the heart chambers that pump blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-The _____ are the heart chambers that...

Question 14

Match each item to the correct description below.
-Electrolyte very important in cardiac muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

Calcium is the electrolyte very important in cardiac muscle contraction.

Answer: F
 Myocardial ischemia is the condition where the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood flow and oxygen, which can cause chest pain and ultimately heart attack.

Answer: H
 Baroreceptors are sensory receptors that monitor changes in blood pressure and can initiate reflexes to regulate blood pressure.

Answer: A
 Acute coronary syndromes refer to a range of conditions where there is a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart, including heart attack and unstable angina.

Answer: C
 Tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates in the space around the heart, putting pressure on the heart and interfering with its ability to pump blood effectively.

Answer: G
 Venous return refers to the flow of blood from the body's veins back to the heart.

Answer: D
 Chemoreceptors are sensors that detect changes in chemical concentrations, such as oxygen or carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Answer: E
 The mediastinum is the area in the chest that contains the heart and other vital organs and structures, including the thymus gland, esophagus, and major blood vessels.

Question 15

Completion
-The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-The thick, muscular middle layer of the...

Question 16

Completion
-_____ is the period of relaxation during which a heart chamber is filling.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-_____ is the period of relaxation during...

Question 17

Chronotropy refers to an effect on _____.

Accepted Answer

Chrono refers to rate. Chronotropic effect refers to a change in heart rate. Positive chronotropic effect refers to an increase in heart rate. Negative chronotropic effect refers to a decrease in heart rate.

Question 18

Blood pressure is the result of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance.

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the circulating blood volume on the walls of the arteries. Peripheral vascular resistance is the resistance to the flow of blood determined by blood vessel diameter and the tone of the vascular musculature.

Question 19

The tricuspid valve is _____.

Accepted Answer

The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Question 20

The left main coronary artery divides into the _____ branches.

Accepted Answer

The left main coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to its two primary branches: the left anterior descending (LAD) (also called the anterior interventricular) artery and the circumflex artery (CX).

Quiz 1: Anatomy and Physiology

When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the _ valve into the _.

The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is _____.

Thin strands of fibrous connective tissue extend from the atrioventricular (AV) valves to the papillary muscles and prevent the AV valves from bulging back into the atria during ventricular systole. These strands are called _____.

The _____ artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.

Match each item to the correct description below. -Amount of blood flowing into the right atrium each minute from the systemic circulation.

Completion -__________ is the period during which a heart chamber is contracting and blood is being ejected.

Match each item to the correct description below. -Sensors in the internal carotid arteries and aortic arch that detect changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) , oxygen, and carbon dioxide in the blood.

Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptor sites will result in peripheral vasoconstriction.

Match each item to the correct description below. -Space between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus, among other structures.

Match each item to the correct description below. -Specialized nerve tissue located in the internal carotid arteries and the aortic arch that detect changes in blood pressure

Completion -The inferior outer surface of the heart is also called the _____ surface.

Completion -The ______ chambers receive blood from the vena cava and coronary sinus.

Completion -The _____ are the heart chambers that pump blood.

Match each item to the correct description below. -Electrolyte very important in cardiac muscle contraction.

Completion -The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the __________.

Completion -_____ is the period of relaxation during which a heart chamber is filling.

Chronotropy refers to an effect on _____.

Blood pressure is the result of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance.

The tricuspid valve is _____.

The left main coronary artery divides into the _____ branches.