Question 1

Completion
-Sometimes, when a premature atrial complex (PAC) occurs very prematurely and close to the T wave of the preceding beat, only a P wave may be seen with no QRS after it (appearing as a pause). This type of PAC is termed a(n) _____ PAC.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-Sometimes, when a premature atrial complex (PAC)...

Question 2

Completion
-An accessory pathway that has one end attached to normal conductive tissue is called a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-An accessory pathway that has one end...

Question 3

A Q wave, if present, is always a negative waveform.

Accepted Answer

The QRS complex begins as a downward deflection, the Q wave. A Q wave is always a negative waveform. The Q wave begins when the ECG leaves the isoelectric line in a downward direction and continues until it returns to the isoelectric line. The Q wave represents depolarization of the interventricular septum, which is activated from left to right.

Question 4

Which of the following are chest leads? A) Leads I, II, and III B) Leads I and aVL C) Leads V₁, V₂, V₃, V₄, V₅, and V₆ D) Leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF

Accepted Answer

The chest leads are identified as V₁, V₂, V₃, V₄, V₅, and V₆

Question 5

Completion
-A beat originating from the AV junction that appears later than the next expected sinus beat is called a(n) _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-A beat originating from the AV junction...

Question 6

Completion
-When reviewing a 12-lead ECG, intervals and duration are usually expressed in _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-When reviewing a 12-lead ECG, intervals and...

Question 7

Lead III views the _____ wall of the left ventricle.
A) septal
B) inferior
C) posterior
D) lateral

Accepted Answer

Lead III views the inferior wall of the left ventricle.

Question 8

The first segment of the left coronary artery is the _____ artery.
A) circumflex
B) right coronary
C) left main coronary
D) left anterior descending

Accepted Answer

The first segment of the left coronary artery is called the left main coronary artery. It is about the width of a soda straw and less than 1 inch long. Blockage of the left main coronary artery has been referred to as the widow maker because of its association with sudden cardiac arrest when occluded.

Question 9

In the limb leads, the ST segment is normally isoelectric.

Accepted Answer

The normal ST segment begins at the isoelectric line, extends from the end of the S wave, and curves gradually upward to the beginning of the T wave. In the limb leads, the normal ST segment is isoelectric (flat), but may normally be slightly elevated or depressed.

Question 10

Completion
-If the AV junction paces the heart, the electrical impulse must travel in a backward direction to activate the atria. This is called _____ conduction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-If the AV junction paces the heart,...

Question 11

Completion
-A(n) __________ is a vertical line on the ECG that indicates the pacemaker has discharged.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-A(n) __________ is a vertical line on...

Question 12

Myocardial ischemia delays the process of repolarization; therefore the ECG changes characteristic of ischemia include _____.
A) widening of the QRS complex
B) prolongation of the PR interval
C) changes in the ST segment and T wave
D) changes in the QRS complex and ST segment

Accepted Answer

Myocardial ischemia delays the process of repolarization; therefore the ECG changes characteristic of ischemia include changes in the ST segment and T wave.

Question 13

How are frequent PACs usually managed?
A) Defibrillation
B) Synchronized cardioversion
C) Correcting the underlying cause
D) Administration of medications such as atropine or epinephrine

Accepted Answer

Frequent PACs are treated by correcting the underlying cause. For example, correcting electrolyte imbalances, reducing stress, reducing or eliminating stimulants, and treating heart failure.

Question 14

Completion
-The axes of leads I, II, and III form an equilateral triangle with the heart at the center (Einthoven's triangle). If the augmented limb leads are added to this configuration and the axes of the six leads moved in a way in which they bisect each other, the result is the _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-The axes of leads I, II, and...

Question 15

The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the _____.
A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) left ventricle
D) right ventricle

Accepted Answer

The front (anterior) surface of the heart lies behind the sternum and costal cartilages. It is formed by portions of the right atrium and the left and right ventricles. However, because the heart is tilted slightly toward the left in the chest, the right ventricle is the area of the heart that lies most directly behind the sternum.

Question 16

Completion
-A(n) __________ occurs as a result of an electrical impulse from a supraventricular site (such as the SA node) discharging at the same time as an ectopic site in the ventricles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-A(n) __________ occurs as a result of...

Question 17

Tall, peaked T waves observed on the ECG are most commonly seen in patients with _____.
A) hypokalemia
B) hyponatremia
C) hyperkalemia
D) hypernatremia

Accepted Answer

Tall, pointed (i.e., peaked) T waves are commonly seen in hyperkalemia.

Question 18

The term acute coronary syndromes refers to patients presenting with ischemic chest pain.

Accepted Answer

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to refer to distinct conditions caused by a similar sequence of pathologic events-a temporary or permanent blockage of a coronary artery. These conditions are characterized by an excessive demand or inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle associated with plaque disruption, thrombus formation, and vasoconstriction. ACSs consist of three major syndromes: unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Question 19

Completion -A _____ bundle branch block produces a QS pattern in lead V₁.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-A _____ bundle branch block produces a...

Question 20

Completion
-A QRS measuring 0.10 to 0.12 second is called a(n) _____ right or left bundle branch block.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Completion
-A QRS measuring 0.10 to 0.12 second...

Quiz 10: Posttest

Completion -Sometimes, when a premature atrial complex (PAC) occurs very prematurely and close to the T wave of the preceding beat, only a P wave may be seen with no QRS after it (appearing as a pause). This type of PAC is termed a(n) _____ PAC.

Completion -An accessory pathway that has one end attached to normal conductive tissue is called a(n) __________.

A Q wave, if present, is always a negative waveform.

Which of the following are chest leads?

Completion -A beat originating from the AV junction that appears later than the next expected sinus beat is called a(n) _______________.

Completion -When reviewing a 12-lead ECG, intervals and duration are usually expressed in _____.

Lead III views the _____ wall of the left ventricle.

The first segment of the left coronary artery is the _____ artery.

In the limb leads, the ST segment is normally isoelectric.

Completion -If the AV junction paces the heart, the electrical impulse must travel in a backward direction to activate the atria. This is called _____ conduction.

Completion -A(n) __________ is a vertical line on the ECG that indicates the pacemaker has discharged.

Myocardial ischemia delays the process of repolarization; therefore the ECG changes characteristic of ischemia include _____.

How are frequent PACs usually managed?

Completion -The axes of leads I, II, and III form an equilateral triangle with the heart at the center (Einthoven's triangle). If the augmented limb leads are added to this configuration and the axes of the six leads moved in a way in which they bisect each other, the result is the _______________.

The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the _____.

Completion -A(n) __________ occurs as a result of an electrical impulse from a supraventricular site (such as the SA node) discharging at the same time as an ectopic site in the ventricles.

Tall, peaked T waves observed on the ECG are most commonly seen in patients with _____.

The term acute coronary syndromes refers to patients presenting with ischemic chest pain.

Completion -A _____ bundle branch block produces a QS pattern in lead V1.

Completion -A QRS measuring 0.10 to 0.12 second is called a(n) _____ right or left bundle branch block.

Completion -A _____ bundle branch block produces a QS pattern in lead V₁.