A 45-year-old male client with a history of hypertension for 5 years develops symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF)and renal failure.What are some of the possible reasons the client has developed CHF and renal failure? Describe the areas in which nursing intervention with this client could have helped prevent development of these complications.

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The client with hypertension may develop CHF and renal failure for several reasons: (1)inability to comply with prescribed treatment plan,including taking medications and following a restricted sodium diet;(2)other lifestyle factors,such as smoking,weight gain,alcohol intake,stress,and lack of exercise;and (3)pathophysiological changes resulting from increased peripheral resistance related to plaque buildup or vasoconstriction and cardiac hypertrophy.
Nurses,in conjunction with other health care team members,can help the client learn more about his disease and the goals of treatment.Nurses can instruct the client in how to take blood pressure and monitor trends in the readings obtained,including when to notify the primary care provider,and basic information about prescribed medications,including side effects.Nurses can also help the client identify lifestyle factors that can be modified to assist in blood pressure control,such as smoking cessation,a low-sodium diet,weight loss if necessary,and more exercise.Nurses can monitor how well the client is following through with these aspects when the client returns for periodic visits.

A 45-Year-Old Male Client with a History of Hypertension for 5