Question 1

In a study of mood changes in men and women, researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study of mood changes in...

Question 2

Research on premenstrual syndrome indicates that less than ________ of women have PMS symptoms predictably over their cycles.

Accepted Answer

Less than 5% of women have PMS symptoms predictably over their cycles.

Question 3

Research concerning internal desynchronization done by Stanley Cohen at the University of British Columbia found that:

Accepted Answer

Stanley Cohen's research found that the spring shift to daylight savings time produced a short-term increase in the likelihood of accidental death, but the fall shift had little effect.

Question 4

Kiyoshi planned to take over-the-counter melatonin supplements in order to restore the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle that was typical before she began college. After reading her psychology textbook, Kiyoshi decided that she:

Accepted Answer

The passage mentions that research with melatonin has had mixed results, suggesting that it might not be effective for Kiyoshi's goal of restoring her sleep-wake cycle. Therefore, refraining from taking the supplements would be the best choice. The other options (B, C, and D) are not directly relevant to the effectiveness of the supplement for Kiyoshi's goal.

Question 5

PMS and SAD are related in that:

Accepted Answer

While both PMS and SAD can have a significant impact on individuals who experience them, research suggests that they may be less common than previously believed.

Question 6

________ is a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to choke, gasp, and momentarily awaken.

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which a person's breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing them to choke, gasp, and momentarily awaken. It can lead to disrupted sleep patterns and other health issues. Insomnia refers to difficulty falling or staying asleep, narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that causes excessive sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep, and non-REM sleep refers to the stages of sleep that do not involve rapid eye movement.

Question 7

For most people, mild forms of sleep deprivation are likely due to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of For most people, mild forms of sleep...

Question 8

The use of light treatment:

Accepted Answer

The passage states that the use of light treatment has resulted in some symptom reduction for people who suffer from SAD, indicating that this treatment method can be effective for this group of people. The passage does not provide information to support any of the other answer choices.

Question 9

Some of the world's most serious industrial accidents, including Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and the Exxon Valdez disaster have in common the speculation that key personnel suffered from:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some of the world's most serious industrial...

Question 10

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which a person:

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which a person periodically stops breathing during sleep. It can lead to reduced oxygen intake and disrupted sleep patterns, resulting in daytime sleepiness and other health issues.

Question 11

Narcolepsy involves:

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy involves unpredictable daytime attacks of sleep, where a person may fall asleep even in the middle of an activity. Options B and C are not correct because they describe sleep apnea and hypersomnia respectively. Option D is not correct because narcolepsy does not affect the amount of sleep needed.

Question 12

Jennifer has been studying day and night for so many weeks that she is chronically sleep deprived. She is likely to experience all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Chronic sleep deprivation is known to cause hallucinations, delusions, extreme irritability, and the loss of mental flexibility and creativity. However, reduced levels of the hormone cortisol are not typically associated with sleep deprivation. In fact, sleep deprivation often leads to increased levels of cortisol, which can have negative effects on the body and mind.

Question 13

Controlled studies indicate that:

Accepted Answer

Controlled studies have shown that phototherapy, commonly known as light therapy, is an effective treatment for the majority of cases of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). This involves exposure to bright artificial light, typically for 30 minutes to 2 hours a day, which can help regulate circadian rhythms and alleviate symptoms such as depression, fatigue, and anxiety. While negative ion therapy has also been studied, the results are mixed and not as consistent as with phototherapy. SAD is recognized as a true disorder by the American Psychiatric Association and is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Question 14

Chronic insomnia affects about ________ of all adults.

Accepted Answer

Chronic insomnia affects about 10% of all adults.

Question 15

Sleep deprivation can result in all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation can lead to a variety of negative health effects, including A, B, and C. However, it is not typically associated with increased muscle pain and lack of coordination, making option D the correct answer.

Question 16

A meta-analysis of initial SAD studies suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis suggests that phototherapy may work, although many of the studies have been flawed. It does not support options A, B, or D.

Question 17

Because of genetics, some people:

Accepted Answer

Genetics can play a role in determining whether someone is naturally inclined to waking up early (early bird) or staying up late (night owl). This can be attributed to differences in their circadian rhythms, which are influenced by genetic factors.

Question 18

________ is a controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement of mood in the spring.

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at the same time every year, usually in the winter. Symptoms may include feelings of sadness, fatigue, irritability, and weight gain. The disorder is thought to be related to changes in sunlight exposure and may be treated with light therapy or other types of treatment.

Question 19

________ is a sleep disorder involving sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which the person experiences sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM sleep. Sleep apnea is a disorder where breathing is interrupted during sleep, leading to poor sleep quality. Insomnia is the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep. Non-REM sleep is the stage of sleep that precedes REM sleep.

Question 20

The incidence of seasonal affective disorder in Canada is approximately:

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that is related to the change in seasons. It is most common in countries that have long, dark winters, such as Canada. The incidence of SAD in Canada is approximately 3%.

Quiz 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States