Individual practitioners and whole agencies are called upon to prove that their performance is productive and valuable. This is defined in the text as:

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Accountability refers to the obligation of individuals or organizations to demonstrate that their actions and decisions are appropriate, effective, and consistent with established standards. In the case of practitioners and agencies, this means proving that their performance is productive and valuable, which requires them to regularly evaluate their processes and outcomes, and report the results to stakeholders. Goal displacement and goal tending are not relevant in this context, and process evaluation is only one aspect of accountability.

Individual Practitioners and Whole Agencies Are Called Upon to Prove