Question 1

_____ emphasis on the relationship between responsibility and morality can provide some general ethical guidelines to which we can aspire in our day-to-day practice with clients.

Accepted Answer

Gilligan's emphasis on the relationship between responsibility and morality, specifically the idea of care ethics, focuses on interpersonal relationships and empathy, which can be beneficial in guiding ethical decision-making in client-centered practices. Fowler's theory of faith development, Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, and Marcia's theory of identity development are not directly focused on responsibility and morality in the same way as Gilligan's care ethics.

Question 2

_____ represents an artistic impression that is not only sanctioned by a community,but often commissioned by it.

Accepted Answer

A mural is a form of public art that is often commissioned by officials or community members, making it a sanctioned expression of creativity. Graffiti and tagging, on the other hand, are often done without permission and can be viewed as forms of vandalism. Chalk art can be sanctioned or unsanctioned depending on the context.

Question 3

Mythic-literal faith is _____ of Fowler's theory of faith development.

Accepted Answer

Mythic-literal faith is associated with Stage 3 of Fowler's theory of faith development, which is characterized by a concrete and literal understanding of religious stories and beliefs. This stage usually occurs between the ages of 6 to 12 years.

Question 4

In _____ of Kohlberg's moral development,behavior is based on internal ethical principles,and decisions are made according to what is right rather than what is written into law.

Accepted Answer

Stage 6 of Kohlberg's moral development is the "Morality of Individual Principles and Conscience" stage, where individuals base their behavior on their own internal ethical principles rather than external laws or societal norms. It is the highest stage of moral development according to Kohlberg's theory.

Question 5

The psychosocial crisis of identity versus role confusion occurs during:

Accepted Answer

The psychosocial crisis of identity versus role confusion occurs during adolescence, typically between the ages of 12 and 18. During this stage, teenagers must explore and establish their own sense of identity and purpose, while also navigating societal and cultural expectations for their roles and responsibilities. Failure to successfully navigate this crisis can result in confusion and uncertainty about one's identity and future prospects.

Question 6

Erikson states that the society in which one lives makes certain psychic demands at each stage of development,and he calls these demands:

Accepted Answer

Erikson calls these demands "crises," which are not necessarily negative or traumatic events but rather challenges that individuals must navigate to successfully move through each stage of development.

Question 7

Synthetic-conventional faith is _____ of Fowler's theory of faith development.

Accepted Answer

Synthetic-conventional faith is Stage 3 of Fowler's theory of faith development, typically occurring during adolescence (ages 12 and older), where individuals begin to synthesize beliefs and values from various sources.

Question 8

Intuitive-projective faith is _____ of Fowler's theory of faith development.

Accepted Answer

Intuitive-projective faith is the second stage in Fowler's theory of faith development, which occurs between the ages of 2 and 6 years. In this stage, children's beliefs are shaped by their imagination, and they tend to view God or a higher power as a sort of magical being who can grant wishes or punish them for bad behavior.

Question 9

Marcia's categories of identity include which of the following:

Accepted Answer

Marcia's categories of identity are as follows:
1. Identity diffusion - where a person has not yet explored any identity options and has not committed to any particular identity
2. Identity foreclosure - where a person has committed to an identity without exploring other options
3. Identity moratorium - where a person is currently exploring different identity options and has not yet committed to one
4. Identity achievement - where a person has explored different options and has committed to a particular identity.

Question 10

Erikson's generativity versus stagnation stage of development occurs at:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's generativity versus stagnation stage is associated with the maturity phase of life, typically occurring during middle adulthood (ages 40-65). This stage focuses on the need to create or nurture things that will outlast the individual, contributing to society and helping to guide the next generation.

Question 11

Primal or undifferentiated faith is _____ of Fowler's theory of faith development.

Accepted Answer

Primal or undifferentiated faith is the first stage in Fowler's theory of faith development, which occurs from birth to around 2 years old. This stage is characterized by a sense of trust and security based on the child's experiences of their caregiver(s).

Question 12

In _____ of Kohlberg's moral development,the belief in law and order is strong. Behavior conforms to law and higher authority. Social order is important.

Accepted Answer

Stage 4, or the Authority-Maintaining Morality stage, emphasizes the importance of social order and conforming to laws and authority figures. This stage is typically seen in adolescence and adulthood, and individuals at this stage believe that maintaining the social order and following authority is crucial for a functioning society. Kohlberg believed that most people do not progress beyond this stage in their moral development.

Question 13

In _____ of Kohlberg's moral development,good behavior is considered to be what pleases others. There is a strong desire to please and gain the approval of others.

Accepted Answer

Stage 3, known as the "Good Boy/Girl Morality" stage, is focused on gaining the approval of others and maintaining social relationships. Good behavior is determined by what pleases others and avoids disapproval or dislike. This stage is often seen in adolescents who prioritize peer relationships and seek to conform to societal norms.

Question 14

According to Gilligan's approach to Moral Development and Women,during _____ women begin to examine their situations more objectively.

Accepted Answer

According to Gilligan's approach, Transition 2: From Goodness to Reality is when women begin to examine their situations more objectively. They start to question and challenge the traditional roles and expectations set for them, often by society and culture, and seek to define their own identities and morality. This transition marks a significant shift in their moral development and allows them to move towards Level 3: The Morality of Nonviolent Responsibility.

Question 15

_____ is defined as one's values,beliefs,mission,awareness,subjectivity,experience,sense of purpose and direction,and a kind of striving toward something greater than oneself.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question aligns more closely with the concept of spirituality rather than religion. While religion may involve a set of beliefs and values, spirituality encompasses a broader range of personal experiences and perspectives. Therefore, option B (spirituality) is the better choice.

Question 16

Which of the following stages is included in the racial/cultural identity development model:

Accepted Answer

Resistance and immersion is a stage in the racial/cultural identity development model where individuals may reject the dominant culture's values and norms and immerse themselves in their own racial or cultural group.

Question 17

The following is true about Erikson's stage entitled "initiative versus guilt":

Accepted Answer

This stage relates to preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years. During this stage, children develop a sense of initiative as they actively explore their environment and try new activities. However, if their efforts are met with criticism or punishment, they may develop feelings of guilt and begin to doubt their abilities. This stage is not focused on mastering academic skills or seeking intimate relationships, although children may start to compare themselves to their peers.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding identity development of lesbian and gay adolescents:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true regarding...

Question 19

Social learning theorists consider moral behavior to be strongly influenced by:

Accepted Answer

Social learning theorists believe that moral behavior is strongly influenced by situational factors such as the presence of authority figures, reinforcement systems, and the perceived consequences of one's actions. They do not prioritize self-sacrifice or care perspective in shaping moral behavior. Resistance may play a role in moral decision making but is not considered a primary influence by social learning theorists.

Question 20

In _____ of Kohlberg's moral development,laws are considered necessary; however,they are subject to rational thought and interpretation. Community welfare is important.

Accepted Answer

Stage 5 of Kohlberg's moral development is characterized by a recognition of the importance of laws and the welfare of the community, but also an understanding that laws can be subject to interpretation and change based on rational thought and the values of democracy and individual rights.

Quiz 7: Psychological Development in Adolescence