Question 1

Which of the following groups is MOST likely to be classified as a counterculture?

Accepted Answer

The definition of a counterculture is a group that opposes and goes against the mainstream values and norms of society. A militia group living in Montana is more likely to hold values and beliefs that go against mainstream culture, making them a counterculture. The other options, NYC taxi drivers, Middle Eastern Studies Club members, and members of the NAACP, may hold different perspectives or identities than the mainstream, but they don't necessarily oppose mainstream culture as a counterculture would.

Question 2

Which of the following is a subculture?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a subculture?
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Question 3

In 2010,President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act (ACA)into law.Fox News and CNN presented vastly different viewpoints of the ACA,appealing to either conservative or liberal viewers,respectively.The media's handling of this law is an example of

Accepted Answer

The media's handling of the ACA reflects the larger phenomenon of culture wars, where political or social issues are often presented in a polarizing manner, appealing to different segments of the population with opposing viewpoints. Fox News and CNN's coverage exemplifies this, with Fox News appealing to a conservative audience with criticisms of the ACA, while CNN presented a more positive viewpoint, appealing to a liberal audience.

Question 4

A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger,dominant culture is called a

Accepted Answer

A subculture refers to a group of people within a larger culture who share their own set of beliefs, values, and practices that are distinct from those of the dominant culture. While they may coexist within the larger society, they maintain their own unique cultural identity. The other options do not accurately describe this concept. A counterculture actively opposes or challenges the dominant culture, a cultural spin-off implies a derivative culture created from another, and a subdominant culture suggests a culture that is dominated by another.

Question 5

A space shuttle,graffiti,a new coding language,and a new instrument are all examples of

Accepted Answer

These are all examples of technological advancements or innovations. The space shuttle represents new technology for space travel, graffiti can be seen as a form of street art utilizing new mediums and techniques, a new coding language represents a new way to communicate with technology, and a new instrument represents advancements in the field of music technology.

Question 6

An employee who has a special relationship with his boss is promoted instead of a more deserving co-worker.This is an example of the

Accepted Answer

This scenario exemplifies the distinction between ideal culture and real culture. In an ideal culture, promotions are based solely on merit and qualifications. However, in real culture, there may be personal factors, such as a special relationship with a boss, that influence promotions. This can create a disconnect between what is perceived as the ideal and what actually occurs in practice.

Question 7

There are many sushi restaurants in the United States and many McDonald's-style fast-food restaurants in Japan.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This situation is an example of cultural diffusion, where cultural practices or beliefs from one group or society spread to another. In this case, sushi, a Japanese cuisine, has become popular in the United States, while fast food, a Western concept, has gained popularity in Japan.

Question 8

Conflicts within mainstream society about which values and norms should be upheld or shifted are called

Accepted Answer

Culture wars refer to conflicts within mainstream society about which values and norms should be upheld or shifted. This includes debates over topics such as abortion, same-sex marriage, and gender roles, among others. Symbolic culture refers to the nonmaterial aspects of culture, such as language and symbols. Counterculture refers to a subgroup within society that rejects the dominant culture's values and norms. Hegemony refers to the dominant culture's ability to maintain power and control over subordinate groups through consent rather than coercion.

Question 9

Sociologists use which of the following terms to describe a group with values and norms that oppose the dominant culture?

Accepted Answer

Counterculture is the term sociologists use to describe a group with values and norms that oppose the dominant culture. Subculture refers to a group within a larger culture that shares certain values, beliefs, behaviors, or artifacts that set it apart from the larger culture. Mainstream culture refers to the dominant culture, while symbolic culture refers to the nonmaterial aspects of culture such as symbols, language, and norms.

Question 10

What do sociologists call the norms and values that people actually follow as opposed to the norms and values that people believe should be followed?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists call the norms and values that people actually follow as opposed to the norms and values that people believe should be followed "real culture." Real culture may differ from ideal culture, which refers to the norms and values that a society believes should be followed. Subculture refers to a group within a larger culture that shares distinct norms and values, while symbolic culture refers to the abstract and intangible aspects of a culture such as beliefs, values, and norms.

Question 11

How is a subculture different from a counterculture?

Accepted Answer

The main difference between a subculture and a counterculture is that a subculture is a group within a larger culture that shares certain values, beliefs, and behaviors that distinguish them from the dominant culture, but they do not actively oppose or challenge mainstream society. In contrast, a counterculture actively challenges or rejects important aspects of mainstream culture and aims to create a new alternative culture that stands in opposition to dominant cultural norms and values. Therefore, option C is the most accurate description of the differences between subculture and counterculture.

Question 12

During the American occupation of Japan after World War II,the Japanese observed soldiers playing baseball and later adopted it as one of their pastimes.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of cultural diffusion, which refers to the spread of cultural beliefs, ideas, and practices from one group to another. In this case, the Americans brought baseball to Japan, and it was adopted and incorporated into Japanese culture.

Question 13

Countercultural groups such as the hippies of the 1960s

Accepted Answer

Countercultural groups such as the hippies of the 1960s rejected the norms of the dominant culture and often had lifestyles that were very different from mainstream culture. They were attempting to create a new and different culture that was outside of mainstream society, making them a subculture.

Question 14

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)was an activist organization in the 1960s that protested the Vietnam War,racial injustice,and economic exploitation.For the most part,the organization favored direct action and protest,most of which opposed traditional organizing and politics.Based on this information,you could say that members of SDS were part of a(n)

Accepted Answer

Members of SDS were part of a counterculture that opposed mainstream American values and traditions. They saw themselves as rebels against the social and political establishment and favored non-traditional forms of activism and protest.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a culture war?

Accepted Answer

Anti-abortion advocates demonstrating in front of a family planning clinic is an example of a culture war because it represents a clash between those who support a woman's right to choose and those who believe in the sanctity of life.

Question 16

When Patti Sue took a world tour,she had lunch at McDonald's in Tokyo,ate dinner at the Hard Rock Cafe in Hong Kong,purchased clothes at Macy's in London,and was entertained at a Disney show in Paris.This homogenization of cultures around the world is called

Accepted Answer

Cultural leveling refers to the process of cultures becoming similar or even identical to one another due to globalization and diffusion of ideas and values. Patti Sue's experience of visiting familiar international chains and brands highlights this phenomenon. Multiculturalism refers to the coexistence and celebration of multiple cultures within a society, and social control refers to the mechanisms used by society to regulate behavior. Folkways are specific cultural norms and customs.

Question 17

Clashes over values in the United States,especially as represented by liberals and conservatives in the mass media,have been termed

Accepted Answer

The clashes over values in the United States, especially between liberals and conservatives, are commonly referred to as "culture wars." This term reflects the idea that these conflicts involve fundamental differences in values and beliefs about what is right and wrong, rather than just differences in policy preferences or political ideology.

Question 18

When Barack Obama's approval ratings were high,polls found that a larger number of people claimed to have voted for him than actually did vote for him.Historians report that the percentage of people who remember voting for any president rises and falls with the president's approval ratings,perhaps because more people believe that they should have voted differently.This belief is an example of

Accepted Answer

This belief is an example of "ideal culture," which refers to the values and norms that a society professes to hold, often differing from the actual behaviors and practices (real culture). In this case, people may claim to have voted for a popular president because it aligns with the ideal cultural value of supporting successful leadership.

Question 19

What has been achieved when the dominant culture,without the use of force,persuades the rest of society that its beliefs and values are the only or best values?

Accepted Answer

Hegemony refers to the cultural, ideological or economic influence exerted by a dominant group over subordinate groups. It means that the dominant culture has successfully achieved the acceptance and normalization of their beliefs and values, without necessarily employing force, over other cultures and subcultures.

Question 20

Sociologists refer to the norms and values that people aspire to as ________ culture.

Accepted Answer

Ideal culture refers to the norms, values, and beliefs that a society strives towards or aspires to. It reflects the way a society wants to be seen, rather than the way it actually is. It is an important aspect of understanding the aspirations and goals of a society. Dominant culture represents the values, norms, and beliefs that are most widely held and practiced in a society. Real culture refers to the culture that is actually present in society, including the values, norms, and beliefs that people actually exhibit in their behavior. Symbolic culture refers to the non-material culture, such as language, beliefs, values, and norms, that people share and use to communicate with each other.

Quiz 3: Culture