Question 1

What might sociologists argue family members are violating if a bride is upset on her wedding day because her family members don't seem excited enough for her?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists might argue that the family members are violating a feeling rule, which is a norm that governs the appropriate expression of emotions in a given situation. In this case, the bride may feel that her family members should be expressing more excitement for her given the significance of the occasion. If they fail to do so, they are violating the feeling rule and may be perceived as unsupportive or indifferent.

Question 2

The term "total institution" refers to institutions that strip people of their previous identities in order to resocialize them.Describe this process.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Children are taking on the role of the generalized other when they pretend to be a firefighter,mommy,or doctor.

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

Describe how television can be a powerful and covert agent of socialization.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Formal subjects like math and reading are part of schools' hidden curriculum.

Accepted Answer

The hidden curriculum refers to the unwritten, unofficial, and often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school, while formal subjects like math and reading are part of the explicit or formal curriculum.

Question 6

A person who leaves his or her job of twenty years to retire is undergoing what process?

Accepted Answer

The process of leaving a long-term job to retire is referred to as a role exit, or the process of disengaging from and relinquishing a previously held role. Role conflict refers to competing demands and expectations for a particular role, role-taking emotions refer to the feelings experienced when adopting a new role, and role strain refers to the tension and difficulty experienced in fulfilling the responsibilities of a single role.

Question 7

Our sense of self is largely created through social processes.

Accepted Answer

Our sense of self is largely influenced by social interactions, experiences, expectations, and feedback from others, which shape our self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-image. Social comparison, socialization, and social identity theory all suggest that who we are is to a significant extent a product of the groups, cultures, and relationships that we belong to and identify with.

Question 8

Increasingly,even very significant events in our lives take place online.It is now common to hear stories of couples breaking up through an instant message or even a text message.What is missing from these interactions compared with similar interactions in the past?

Accepted Answer

The missing element in online interactions compared to similar interactions in the past is copresence - the physical presence of both parties in the interaction. In face-to-face interactions, there are nonverbal cues like body language and facial expressions that contribute to communication, which is missing in online interactions.

Answer: C and D
 Emotion work and impression management are also missing from online interactions. Emotion work refers to the effort put in by individuals to manage and regulate their emotions during an interaction, which is often done through nonverbal cues. Impression management refers to the ways in which individuals control the impressions they make on others, which can also be done through nonverbal cues in face-to-face interactions. Both of these are limited or absent in online interactions.

Question 9

Someone who is newly divorced after a long marriage and now wants to start dating again may find that many of the norms of dating have changed.Behaviors like splitting the check or talking about safe sex may be new for this person.This process of having to learn and adjust to the new rules of dating is an example of

Accepted Answer

Resocialization refers to the process of learning and adopting new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors when one transitions from one social group to another or experiences a significant life change. In this case, the newly divorced person is transitioning from being married to being single and dating again, which requires them to learn and adjust to the new rules of dating.

Question 10

What is the looking-glass self?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

One of the most striking contrasts in restaurants is between the demeanor of cooks and that of servers.Servers are paid to be nice,pleasant,and courteous.Cooks,on the other hand,are usually not required to act this way.The part of a server's job that does not apply to a cook is called

Accepted Answer

The part of the server's job that does not apply to a cook is related to emotion work, which refers to the management of feelings and expressions to fulfill the requirements of a job. Servers are expected to be friendly and personable while interacting with customers, which is a form of emotion work. Cooks, on the other hand, are not required to engage in emotion work as their interactions with customers are limited.

Question 12

Why is it increasingly difficult to use sociological models that assume that interaction involves copresence?

Accepted Answer

The advent and widespread use of new technologies make it increasingly common to interact with someone without being physically present in the same place. This makes it difficult to use sociological models that assume copresence as an essential component of social interaction.

Question 13

Stereotyping involves judging others based on their character and past behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping involves judging others based on preconceived notions about their characteristics, such as race or gender, rather than their individual character and past behaviors.

Question 14

Describe how people undergo resocialization when they move from one place,job,or life situation to another.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Kenneth Gergen coined the term "the saturated self" to describe the type of self that results from

Accepted Answer

Kenneth Gergen's concept of the saturated self refers to the idea that modern individuals are exposed to an overwhelming amount of information and multiple perspectives, leading to a fragmented and multiple self. This aligns with choice A, exposure to more points of view and sources of information. The other choices - having multiple responsibilities and serious role strain, repeated incidents of role conflict, being an active agent, not just a passive receiver of influence - do not fully capture the essence of the saturated self concept.

Question 16

Why did Charles Cooley believe that the self is created largely through social interaction?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

According to sociologists,our genetic makeup determines what kind of personality and character traits we develop in life.

Accepted Answer

While genetics can play a role in certain aspects of personality and behavior, research suggests that a combination of genetics, environment, and individual experiences all play a role in shaping personality and character traits.

Question 18

Both sides are partially right in the nature vs.nurture debate.

Accepted Answer

Both nature and nurture play a role in shaping an individual's development and behavior. While genetics and biology contribute to traits such as personality and intelligence, environmental factors such as upbringing, socialization, and life experiences can also significantly impact development. Therefore, neither nature nor nurture can be solely responsible for an individual's characteristics and behavior.

Question 19

Cases in which children have been raised in social isolation demonstrate that people require socialization to fully develop into functioning human beings.In the case of Genie,describe how isolation affected her development.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Agents of socialization are mutually exclusive and do not overlap.

Accepted Answer

Agents of socialization often overlap and may work in conjunction with one another to shape an individual's beliefs and behaviors. For example, family, peers, and media all contribute to an individual's socialization experience and are not mutually exclusive.

Quiz 4: Socialization,Interaction,and the Self