Question 1

According to the textbook, what role has the modern state played in the process of globalization?
A) It has encouraged protests.
B) It has sped up patterns of change in the modern world.
C) It has been less involved in social life and the economy.
D) It has stopped the movement of people through immigration policy.

Accepted Answer

The modern state has played a significant role in the process of globalization by speeding up patterns of change in the modern world. This has been facilitated through policies and agreements aimed at promoting trade, investment, and communication between countries. While the state has become less involved in social life and the economy, it has actively facilitated the movement of people through immigration policies in some cases. The state has also dealt with protests that arise as a result of globalization but has not necessarily encouraged them. Thus, option B is the most appropriate answer.

Question 2

According to Daniel Bell, the white-collar worker is the most essential type of employee in a(n):
A) technology society.
B) industrial society.
C) postindustrial society.
D) urban society.

Accepted Answer

Daniel Bell's concept of postindustrial society emphasizes the increased role of knowledge, information, and service-based industries, which are primarily staffed by white-collar workers. Therefore, the white-collar worker is considered the most essential type of employee in a postindustrial society.

Question 3

In a postindustrial society, professionals such as lawyers, engineers, and computer programmers will become the leading groups in society because, according to Daniel Bell, they possess and disseminate what?
A) post-secondary degrees
B) a global value system
C) postindustrial identities
D) codified knowledge

Accepted Answer

Daniel Bell believed that in a postindustrial society, professionals like lawyers, engineers, and computer programmers would become the leading groups because they possess and disseminate codified knowledge, which is the ability to process and use information to solve problems. This knowledge is highly valued in postindustrial societies, resulting in the professional becoming the elite group.

Question 4

Jared Diamond argued that five factors contributed to the collapse of Rwandan society. Of these five factors, three are related to:
A) the environment.
B) the economy.
C) politics.
D) warfare.

Accepted Answer

Jared Diamond argued that the environmental factors such as deforestation, soil erosion, and declining agricultural productivity played a significant role in the collapse of Rwandan society. The loss of forest cover and erosion of soil led to reduced rainfall and increased soil infertility, which negatively impacted agricultural productivity and ultimately affected the survival of the society.

Question 5

As the textbook notes, societies that keep written records are especially able to develop a sense of their societies' evolution, and this is connected to the pace of social change. This illustrates how social change is influenced by:
A) cultural factors.
B) political organization.
C) economic factors.
D) the physical environment.

Accepted Answer

Written records are a cultural factor that helps societies understand and track their evolution, influencing the pace of social change.

Question 6

The fact that creationism is more likely to be taught in public schools located in more politically conservative districts is an example of the cultural prediction made by:
A) Karl Marx.
B) Mark Juergensmeyer.
C) Max Weber.
D) Jared Diamond.

Accepted Answer

Mark Juergensmeyer predicted that culture and religion would become increasingly important in shaping political beliefs and actions. The fact that creationism is more likely to be taught in politically conservative districts is evidence of this cultural prediction.

Question 7

Samuel's father was laid off from his job at the automobile-part manufacturing plant after it closed. Samuel currently works at Starbucks, and he is going to night school at the local community college. Samuel's experience reflects the growth of which of the following?
A) service society
B) industrial society
C) knowledge society
D) consumption society

Accepted Answer

Samuel's experience reflects the growth of a service society, as he works at Starbucks, which is part of the service sector, indicating a shift from industrial jobs to service-oriented employment.

Question 8

The growth of jobs in the retail and food service sector and the decline in manufacturing jobs is referred to as:
A) service society.
B) industrial society.
C) information society.
D) low-wage society.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the shift from an industrial society to a service society, where there is a greater emphasis on employment opportunities in the service industry (such as retail and food) rather than in manufacturing.

Question 9

The most far-reaching economic influence on social change has been:
A) the technology of the agrarian revolution.
B) the invention of the wheel.
C) industrial capitalism.
D) the invention of money.

Accepted Answer

Industrial capitalism brought about unprecedented economic growth, urbanization, and social changes such as the rise of the middle class and the emergence of new forms of work and labor relations. Its effects can still be seen today, as the global economy is heavily influenced by capitalist principles and practices. The other options listed have also had significant impacts on social change, but none have been as far-reaching as industrial capitalism.

Question 10

The manufacture of material goods is no longer the basis of production in many countries today. The basis of production in many places is now largely:
A) the consumption of material goods.
B) the development and dissemination of information and knowledge.
C) agriculture to meet increased food demand.
D) warfare to sustain economies that depend on war.

Accepted Answer

In many countries today, the production of information and knowledge has become the main basis of their economy. This is due to the rise of the information age and advancements in technology that have made it easier to create, access, and share information. Information and knowledge-based industries include technology, telecommunications, media, and education, among others. These industries contribute significantly to the economy and are often the primary source of employment and income for many people.

Question 11

In a knowledge-based economy, many industrial workers have been left unemployed and without the skills required to find good jobs. According to the textbook, this is due to:
A) new social problems, such as long-term unemployment.
B) new types of education, which are training workers for the knowledge economy.
C) long-standing employment patterns.
D) global trade and new forms of technology.

Accepted Answer

The shift towards a knowledge-based economy is largely due to globalization and advances in technology. These changes have led to the decline of certain industries and the need for a highly skilled and adaptable workforce. Industrial workers who have not been able to acquire the necessary skills to compete in this new economy are often left unemployed.

Question 12

The textbook defines social change as:
A) the transformation of the physical world.
B) the growing disputes over national boundaries around the world.
C) the transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time.
D) social order in social institutions.

Accepted Answer

Social change refers to the transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time. It involves changes in social structures, values, beliefs, and norms, which affect the way people think and behave. Social change can occur at various levels, such as individual, group, and societal levels. It can be driven by various factors, such as technology, economic development, political movements, and cultural movements.

Question 13

Capitalism stimulates social change in an unprecedented way because it:
A) involves the constant expansion of production.
B) involves ever-increasing equality.
C) promotes constant revision of the technology of production, which increasingly draws religion into the process.
D) grants workers the means of production.

Accepted Answer

Capitalism involves the constant expansion of production, as businesses seek to grow and increase profits. This constant expansion drives innovation and technological progress, and creates new opportunities for social change. While capitalism does not necessarily promote equality, it does allow for social mobility and the possibility of individuals improving their economic status.

Question 14

Consider a scenario in which a head of state is struggling to maintain her national political power in the face of increasingly deterritorialized economic power. According to the argument of sociologist William Robinson, her challenge in exerting leadership is largely driven by:
A) deindustrialization.
B) cultural diffusion.
C) postindustrial production.
D) globalization.

Accepted Answer

William Robinson's argument focuses on the impacts of globalization on political power. As economic power becomes increasingly deterritorialized, it becomes more difficult for national leaders to maintain their power and influence. Therefore, the choice most related to this scenario is globalization.

Question 15

The process of ________ means that people, organizations, and events around the world influence our lives.
A) globalization
B) social change
C) warfare
D) protesting

Accepted Answer

Globalization refers to the interconnectedness of the world, where people, organizations, and events impact each other across borders. The process of globalization has led to increased economic and cultural exchange, as well as the spread of technology and information. This has had significant impacts on individuals and societies across the globe.

Question 16

Transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time is called:
A) forced change.
B) social continuation.
C) social change.
D) evolution.

Accepted Answer

Transformation of social institutions and culture is called social change. It is an ongoing process that results from various forces, such as technological advancements, economic shifts, and cultural influences. Social change can be deliberate, as in the case of social movements or policies, or it can be unplanned, as in the case of natural disasters or demographic shifts. Social change can have both positive and negative impacts on society, and its effects are often hotly debated among scholars and policymakers.

Question 17

Which of the following is/are included in the cultural factors that might influence social change?
A) government
B) communication systems
C) health
D) corporations

Accepted Answer

Communication systems are an important cultural factor that can influence social change. They can disseminate information quickly and widely, helping to shape public opinion and mobilize action. Government, health, and corporations are also important factors, but they are not strictly cultural in nature.

Question 18

Globalization is:
A) rapidly diminishing how much humans interact.
B) the development of social and economic relationships stretching worldwide.
C) the expansion of a global economy.
D) the movement toward global equality.

Accepted Answer

Globalization refers to the development of social and economic relationships stretching worldwide. While it may involve the expansion of a global economy, it is more than just economic integration. It also includes cultural exchange and the spread of ideas across national borders. It does not necessarily lead to the diminishing of human interaction or the achievement of global equality.

Question 19

Some sociologists, such as Mark Juergensmeyer, believe that the biggest cultural conflicts in the twenty-first century will be between those who believe that truth is derived from ________ versus those who believe it is derived from ________.
A) religious faith; science
B) religious faith; political leadership
C) political leadership; science
D) the modern state; religious faith

Accepted Answer

Mark Juergensmeyer argues that the biggest cultural conflicts in the 21st century will be between those who derive truth from religious faith and those who derive it from science.

Question 20

Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society is criticized for placing too much emphasis on ________ at the expense of other factors.
A) ethnic tensions.
B) cultural and political explanations
C) the importance of the environment
D) the government.

Accepted Answer

Jared Diamond's explanation is criticized for focusing too heavily on environmental factors, potentially overlooking the significant roles of ethnic tensions, cultural, political, and governmental influences in the collapse of Rwandan society.

Quiz 16: Globalization in a Changing World

According to the textbook, what role has the modern state played in the process of globalization?

According to Daniel Bell, the white-collar worker is the most essential type of employee in a(n) :

In a postindustrial society, professionals such as lawyers, engineers, and computer programmers will become the leading groups in society because, according to Daniel Bell, they possess and disseminate what?

Jared Diamond argued that five factors contributed to the collapse of Rwandan society. Of these five factors, three are related to:

As the textbook notes, societies that keep written records are especially able to develop a sense of their societies' evolution, and this is connected to the pace of social change. This illustrates how social change is influenced by:

The fact that creationism is more likely to be taught in public schools located in more politically conservative districts is an example of the cultural prediction made by:

Samuel's father was laid off from his job at the automobile-part manufacturing plant after it closed. Samuel currently works at Starbucks, and he is going to night school at the local community college. Samuel's experience reflects the growth of which of the following?

The growth of jobs in the retail and food service sector and the decline in manufacturing jobs is referred to as:

The most far-reaching economic influence on social change has been:

The manufacture of material goods is no longer the basis of production in many countries today. The basis of production in many places is now largely:

In a knowledge-based economy, many industrial workers have been left unemployed and without the skills required to find good jobs. According to the textbook, this is due to:

The textbook defines social change as:

Capitalism stimulates social change in an unprecedented way because it:

Consider a scenario in which a head of state is struggling to maintain her national political power in the face of increasingly deterritorialized economic power. According to the argument of sociologist William Robinson, her challenge in exerting leadership is largely driven by:

The process of ________ means that people, organizations, and events around the world influence our lives.

Transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time is called:

Which of the following is/are included in the cultural factors that might influence social change?

Globalization is:

Some sociologists, such as Mark Juergensmeyer, believe that the biggest cultural conflicts in the twenty-first century will be between those who believe that truth is derived from versus those who believe it is derived from .

Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society is criticized for placing too much emphasis on ________ at the expense of other factors.