Question 1

Children with problems of undercontrol are most likely to come to therapy:

Accepted Answer

Children with undercontrol issues, such as impulsivity or disobedience, often come to therapy not on their own initiative but rather due to the concerns and distress of their parents. These parents are typically seeking help to manage their child's behavior.

Question 2

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was previously known as:

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was previously known as Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood.

Question 3

What findings have led researchers to postulate an illusory bias in children with ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children with ADHD tend to engage in positive illusory biases, which means they overestimate their abilities in certain areas, such as social skills. Specifically, studies have found that ADHD boys report more positive self-evaluations of their social interactions than control participants.

Question 4

According to research by Pires and Jenkins (2007), which of the following strongly predicted initial drug use by adolescents?

Accepted Answer

The research by Pires and Jenkins (2007) found that deviant peer affiliations strongly predicted initial drug use by adolescents. This suggests that having friends who engage in risky behaviors increases the likelihood of an adolescent also engaging in risky behaviors, such as drug use. High levels of anxiety, parental warmth, and high levels of aggression were not found to be strong predictors of initial drug use.

Question 5

It has been suggested by Casey and colleagues (1996)that approximately 15 - 30% of children with ADHD have a comorbid ______________.

Accepted Answer

Casey and colleagues (1996) suggested that approximately 15 - 30% of children with ADHD have a comorbid learning disability, highlighting the significant overlap between ADHD and difficulties in academic achievement or specific learning areas.

Question 6

Children labelled "hyperactive" would be diagnosed as having _________________ in DSM-5.

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is commonly diagnosed in children who are labelled as "hyperactive." Conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder are different diagnoses that do not necessarily include hyperactivity as a primary symptom.

Question 7

What have Pepler and Sedighdeilami (1998)reported about the problems of aggressive girls?

Accepted Answer

Pepler and Sedighdeilami (1998) reported that the problems of aggressive girls are very similar to those experienced by aggressive boys.

Question 8

In a study of immigrant children, Beiser, Hou, Hyman, and Tousignant (1998)found which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The study by Beiser et al. (1998) found that immigrant children were better adjusted than Canadian-born children, challenging some common assumptions about the difficulties faced by immigrant children in adapting to new environments.

Question 9

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Shyness is not a characteristic of ADHD. While children with ADHD may have difficulty with social interactions, they are typically not shy, but rather impulsive and often interrupt others in conversations.

Question 10

Which theorist is credited with the idea that poor self-regulation is the primary deficit in ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Virginia Douglas is credited with the idea that poor self-regulation is the primary deficit in ADHD, shifting the focus from hyperactivity to attention and impulse control issues.

Question 11

According to the Growing up in Canada report, children with difficult temperaments have parents characterized by:

Accepted Answer

The Growing up in Canada report states that children with difficult temperaments have parents who are characterized by greater hostility.

Question 12

In the initial report "Growing Up in Canada", which is based on results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, the following was found EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The statement about immigrant children having poorer adjustment than children born in Canada is not supported by the findings of the "Growing Up in Canada" report based on the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. The other options (A, C, D) reflect findings from the report regarding low birth weight, children with emotional/behavioural problems, and the impact of single-mother families on child aggression.

Question 13

Pressure to be perfect is a significant problem for young people as rated by both youths and parents. It has also been linked to

Accepted Answer

Pressure to be perfect has been linked to depression in young people. While schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are serious mental health conditions, there is no evidence to suggest that they are directly linked to the pressure to be perfect. Learning disorders may cause academic and performance-related stress but are not necessarily linked to the pressure to be perfect.

Question 14

Isaac is six and after losing a hockey game, he came off the ice and began swearing at everyone who tried to console him. He was demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Undercontrolled behaviour refers to behaviour that lacks self-control, displays impulsivity and emotionality. Isaac's behaviour of swearing at everyone who tried to console him reflects impulsivity and lack of self-control, making option B the best choice. Option C (poor sportsmanship) is partially correct, but it does not capture the impulsive and emotional nature of Isaac's behaviour. Option A (overcontrolled behaviour) is incorrect, as it refers to behaviour that is restrained and inhibited, which is not the case for Isaac. Option D (all of the above) is incorrect, as option A (overcontrolled behaviour) does not apply to Isaac's situation.

Question 15

Which of the following researchers is known for his/her pioneering contributions in highlighting the attention deficits in hyperactive children?

Accepted Answer

Virginia Douglas is recognized for her pioneering research in the field of ADHD, particularly for her contributions to understanding attention deficits in hyperactive children. Her work significantly advanced the understanding of ADHD beyond mere hyperactivity to include issues related to attention, impulsivity, and executive functions.

Question 16

Research on depression in mothers by Elgar and associates (2003)at Dalhousie University found that:

Accepted Answer

The research found that mothers and children had a strong, mutual influence on each other when it comes to depression. This suggests that the maternal impact on children is bidirectional, rather than unidirectional or small. The option D is also incorrect as maternal anger is not mentioned in the research.

Question 17

How did Canadian researcher Virginia Douglas first revolutionize the study and understanding of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Virginia Douglas was the first researcher to note problems with sustained attention in children with ADHD, which revolutionized our understanding of the disorder. While she did not suggest the use of Ritalin, she did draw attention to the hyperactivity component of ADHD. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 18

Both attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder are ______

Accepted Answer

Both attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder are disorders of undercontrol, which means difficulties in controlling impulses, behaviors, and emotions. They can lead to significant problems in social, academic, and occupational functioning for the individual and can also cause significant stress and difficulties for others who interact with them. They are not new to DSM-IV and are well-established disorders. They are not disorders of overcontrol, as individuals with these disorders struggle with controlling their behavior and impulses.

Question 19

Cognitive misattributions, such as assuming that a neutral action by a peer was really meant to be aggressive, is common to individuals with ADHD; however, similar misattributions are found in some children with ________________ .

Accepted Answer

Children with conduct disorder often misinterpret neutral or ambiguous social cues as hostile, similar to individuals with ADHD.

Question 20

Simon lives with his mother in low-income housing. She works when she can, but often they rely on food banks and even with that, it's rare for Simon to eat three meals a day. As Simon becomes an adolescent, what should his mother be watching for?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Simon lives with his mother in low-income...

Quiz 15: Disorders of Childhood