Companies Like Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google Employ All but ONE

Companies like Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google employ all but ONE of the following offensive actions to complement and supplement the choice of one of the five generic competitive strategies. Which is not an example of an offensive move?

A) focusing on building competitive advantages
B) employing the element of surprise as opposed to doing what rivals expect and are prepared for
C) pursuing a market share leadership strategy
D) displaying a strong bias for swift, decisive, and overwhelming actions to overpower
E) creating and deploying company resources to cause rivals to defend themselves