Question 1

Heat speeds up chemical reactions by

Accepted Answer

Heat increases the kinetic energy of molecules, causing them to move around more quickly and collide with one another more frequently. This increases the likelihood of successful collisions and therefore speeds up chemical reactions.

Question 2

Living systems must work to remain ordered; they pass off their disorder to the universe in the form of

Accepted Answer

Living systems generate metabolic heat as a byproduct of their ordered processes. This heat is then released to the universe, contributing to the overall increase in entropy and disorder. A, B, and D are not accurate choices as they do not reflect the way living systems pass off their disorder to the universe.

Question 3

In the chemical reaction C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O,the 6 CO₂ molecules are some of the

Accepted Answer

The products of a chemical reaction are the substances that result from the reaction. In this case, the 6 CO₂ molecules are the products of the reaction, meaning they are formed from the reactants C₆H₁₂O₆ and 6 O₂. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Question 4

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

Accepted Answer

Photosynthetic organisms use the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, such as glucose, which is stored as chemical energy in the form of chemical bonds.

Question 5

During photosynthesis,light energy is converted into chemical energy,which is a type of

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy is a type of potential energy. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose molecules. This energy is then stored in the bonds between the atoms in the glucose molecule, which can be used later to power cellular processes.

Question 6

The term thermal energy describes the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term thermal energy describes the
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Question 7

When humans cut down trees for lumber to build permanent structures,what aspect of metabolic cycling is disrupted?

Accepted Answer

When trees are cut down, the carbon and other atoms that are tied up in the wooden structures are not being recycled into other living organisms. This disrupts the metabolic cycling of these elements through the ecosystem.

Question 8

Complex molecules are built from smaller organic compounds by using energy to drive ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

Anabolic reactions involve building larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy input. Catabolic reactions break down larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy. Hydrolysis reactions involve the addition of water to break bonds between molecules. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules. In this case, we are looking for the type of reaction that builds complex molecules, which is anabolic.

Question 9

A spherical rock rests at the top of a steep hill.The rock has________ energy.

Accepted Answer

The rock is at a height on the hill, so it has the potential to start moving and gain kinetic energy. Therefore, the rock has potential energy. It is not mentioned that the rock contains any chemical energy or is in motion, so options B and C are not applicable. Option D, "no" is not correct, as the rock does have potential energy.

Question 10

In accordance with the first law of thermodynamics,the energy in a gallon of gas consumed in a mileage test is equal to the

Accepted Answer

The answer of In accordance with the first law of...

Question 11

A decrease in potential energy between reactants and products is typical for which of the following types of chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions involve the breakdown of complex molecules and typically release energy, resulting in a decrease in potential energy between reactants and products. Anabolic reactions involve the synthesis of complex molecules and typically require energy input, resulting in an increase in potential energy between reactants and products. The formation of peptide bonds involves anabolic reactions, while the presence or absence of an enzyme does not necessarily determine the potential energy change in a reaction.

Question 12

The reuse of the same carbon molecules by plants,animals,and their environments over time is known as

Accepted Answer

The reuse of the same carbon molecules by plants, animals, and their environments over time is known as carbon cycling. Carbon is an essential element for life and is constantly being cycled through different parts of the biosphere, including the atmosphere, oceans, and land. This process involves the movement of carbon between living organisms and their environment through processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion. Carbon cycling plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate by balancing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Question 13

In photosynthesis,the carbon used to make sugars is

Accepted Answer

The carbon used to make sugars in photosynthesis is provided by carbon dioxide. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and use the energy from sunlight to convert it into sugars.

Question 14

Organisms that maintain a constant body temperature rely on the heat produced by cells.Where does this heat come from?

Accepted Answer

Heat is a natural by-product of most chemical reactions, including those in cellular metabolism.

Question 15

Imagine a mousetrap with the spring arm set and latched,and with the level of potential energy high.This potential energy was added to the mousetrap

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy, and in this scenario, it is in the form of the spring arm that has been pulled back and latched. This means that kinetic energy was used to create potential energy, so it must be choice B - added as kinetic energy when the arm was pulled back and latched.

Question 16

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy (or disorder) of a closed system tends to increase over time. This means that systems naturally move toward a less organized state, which is why the law is often referred to as the law of entropy.

Question 17

The heat given off by living systems can increase the likelihood that a given chemical reaction will take place.Why?

Accepted Answer

Increased heat leads to molecules moving faster, which increases the likelihood of collisions between the enzyme and its substrate. This, in turn, increases the likelihood of a chemical reaction taking place.

Question 18

Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules,yet they both use the same mechanism to burn their stored energy.How can plants and animals both be successful,even though they burn different energy storage molecules?

Accepted Answer

Breaking the chemical bonds releases energy regardless of the type of molecule it is stored in. Thus, both plants and animals can successfully use their different energy storage molecules by breaking down their respective chemical bonds and transferring the released energy through the same mechanism – cellular respiration.

Question 19

All molecules have a combination of kinetic energy and potential energy.If an external heat source were used to increase the kinetic energy of a group of molecules,the group's potential energy would

Accepted Answer

Increasing the kinetic energy of the molecules does not change the bonding pattern or the position of the atoms within the molecule, so the potential energy would remain unaffected. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Option A is incorrect because the sum of the potential and kinetic energy may exceed 100% due to the relative amounts and type of energy in the molecules. Option C is incorrect because there is no direct proportional relationship between kinetic and potential energy. Option D is incorrect because there is no inverse proportional relationship between the two types of energy.

Question 20

The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's

Accepted Answer

Organisms obtain energy for life processes by extracting it from their environment, usually through the consumption of organic matter or sunlight for photosynthesis. The other options (nucleus, predators, and biosynthesis) are not sources of energy for an organism.

Quiz 5: Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes