Question 1

What was the most significant outcome of the 1949 conference held in Boulder,Colorado?

Accepted Answer

The 1949 Boulder conference resulted in the establishment of the scientist-practitioner training model, which emphasized the importance of integrating research and practice in psychology training programs. This model has been widely adopted and has significantly influenced the field of psychology. While the other options listed were important developments in psychology, they did not result from the 1949 Boulder conference.

Question 2

How did Breuer influence Freud's development of psychoanalysis? Be sure to discuss the case of "Anna O."

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Many historians point to the establishment of the first psychological clinic by __________ in 1896 as the beginning of the field of clinical psychology.

Accepted Answer

The establishment of the first psychological clinic is attributed to Lightner Witmer in 1896 at the University of Pennsylvania, which is often considered as the beginning of the field of clinical psychology. Therefore, Choice C, Witmer, is the correct answer. Jung and Rogers were prominent psychologists, but did not establish the first clinic. Smith and Glass are known for developing cognitive-behavioral therapy, but were not involved in the establishment of the first clinic.

Question 4

Briefly summarize the contributions of Lightner Witmer to the history of clinical psychology.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Membership in the American Psychological Association

Accepted Answer

Membership in the American Psychological Association (APA) has been increasing over the years. This trend reflects the growing interest and recognition of psychology as a vital field of study and practice.

Question 6

What was the most significant event to take place within the American Psychological Association (APA)in 1988?

Accepted Answer

The most significant event in APA in 1988 was the departure of prominent scientific psychologists who founded the American Psychological Society. These psychologists believed that APA had become too focused on clinical issues and had neglected scientific psychology.

Question 7

Identify factors contributing to the increased popularity of behavior therapy beginning in the 1950s and 1960s.Also,explain the connection between the growth of behavior therapy and the growth of psychotherapy research.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

After World War II,the Veterans Administration

Accepted Answer

After World War II, the Veterans Administration (now known as the Department of Veterans Affairs) recognized the mental health needs of the large number of traumatized veterans and funded the training of a significant number of psychologists to provide these services. This led to the development of the profession of clinical psychology as we know it today.

Question 9

How has the DSM influenced the field of psychological assessment? How has it impacted psychology research in general?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

What was the primary goal of such early mental health care advocates as Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix? What were they able to accomplish?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Russell,a clinical psychology graduate student,is less interested in diagnosing or treating psychological problems that in preventing them in the first place.Which subspecialty below would fit best with his career aims?

Accepted Answer

Health psychology focuses on promoting healthy behaviors and preventing the development of psychological problems, which aligns well with Russell's career aims of preventing psychological problems in the first place. Consumer psychology focuses on understanding consumer behavior and decision-making, rehabilitation psychology focuses on helping individuals adapt to disabilities, and neuropsychology focuses on studying the relationship between the brain and behavior. These are not as closely aligned with Russell's career aims.

Question 12

Compare and contrast the professional activity of clinical psychologists before and after WWII.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding members of APS?

Accepted Answer

None of the statements are true.

A) Over 50% of APS members are clinical psychologists - According to APS website, "APS Members come from a wide range of disciplines including psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, computer science, anthropology, sociology, economics, and more." There is no information available regarding the percentage of clinical psychologists in APS.

B) The number of APS members currently exceeds the number of APA members - As of 2021, APA has over 121,000 members, while APS has over 39,000 members.

C) Members of APS cannot also be members of APA - It is possible for individuals to be members of both APS and APA.

Question 14

The general term for a factor that precedes a mental disorder (e.g.,depression)and is believed to play a role in its development is __________.

Accepted Answer

Etiological factors are those that contribute to the development of a disorder or condition. In the case of mental disorders, etiological factors could include genetic, environmental, or psychological factors that increase a person's risk for developing the disorder. Ontological factors have to do with the nature of being or existence and are not directly related to the development of mental disorders. Consequent factors come after the onset of a disorder, while tertiary factors refer to interventions or treatments that help manage a disorder but do not necessarily contribute to its development. Therefore, the best choice is A, etiological.

Question 15

Your learn that your friend's great-great-grandfather was a psychologist in the U.S.during the early part of the last century (roughly 1900-1910).Based on this information alone,in what kind of setting would you guess that he worked?

Accepted Answer

During the early part of the last century, psychology was mainly taught in universities and research institutions, so it is likely that the great-great-grandfather worked in a university department.

Question 16

Explain how the VA system shaped the profession of clinical psychology after WWII.

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Question 17

Briefly summarize the influence of Eysenck's (1952)landmark article criticizing psychotherapy.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

How were the Rorschach and MMPI each unique from the assessment tools that preceded them?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an element of the training model in clinical psychology that has been dominant for the last 50 years?

Accepted Answer

The achievement of the Psy.D. degree is an essential element of the training model in clinical psychology that has been dominant for the last 50 years. Competency in diagnosis and a clinical internship are also essential elements of this model.

Question 20

Briefly summarize the antecedents and outcome of the 1988 schism within the American Psychological Association.

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Quiz 2: Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology