Question 1

Race was once viewed as __________,and now is viewed as __________.

Accepted Answer

Race was once viewed as a biological variable, with a focus on physical characteristics such as skin color, but now is recognized as a social variable based on physical criteria. The understanding is that race is a social construct and does not necessarily have a direct correlation with biology.

Question 2

Through __________,a mental health professional can multiply the number of clients he/she serves indirectly.

Accepted Answer

Through consultation, a mental health professional can provide guidance and expertise to other professionals in various settings, such as schools, workplaces, and hospitals. This allows the mental health professional to indirectly serve a larger number of clients by helping other professionals better understand and address mental health issues. Hospitalization, rehabilitation, and crisis intervention involve direct services to individual clients and do not involve serving a larger number of clients indirectly.

Question 3

Dr.Blalock is helping a colleague with a diagnostic problem regarding a specific client.According to the widely accepted classification scheme detailed in Caplan (1970),Dr.Blalock is offering __________ consultation.

Accepted Answer

Client-centered case consultation involves a consultant (Dr. Blalock) helping a colleague with a problem related to a specific client, focusing on the client's issues rather than on the consultee's skills or program administration.

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT identified by Dalton et al.(2001)as a dimension of human diversity important to the work of community psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Political affiliation was not identified by Dalton et al. (2001) as a dimension of human diversity important to the work of community psychologists. The other three options (ability/disability status, socioeconomic status, and religion/spirituality) were identified as important dimensions of diversity. Dalton et al. (2001) also identified race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and age as other important dimensions of diversity.

Question 5

The goal of __________ is to reduce the duration and the negative effects of mental disorders after their occurrence.

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention is focused on reducing the duration and negative effects of mental disorders after they have occurred. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of mental disorders through interventions such as education and environmental changes, while secondary prevention targets early detection and treatment of mental disorders to prevent them from becoming more severe.

Question 6

Dr.Pullman is involved in mental disorder prevention research,and he has just completed an extensive review of the literature on the risk and protective factors for a particular disorder,as well as the relevant prevention programs conducted to date.If he follows the research model recommended in the text,what should he do next?

Accepted Answer

Based on the research model recommended in the text, Dr. Pullman should plan a prevention program and conduct pilot studies of its effectiveness before implementing it on a large scale. This approach allows for initial testing of the program's feasibility and effectiveness before investing in a full-scale implementation. Only after pilot testing has been conducted, can Dr. Pullman move on to large-scale trials of the program's effectiveness. Therefore, option (B) is the best choice. Option (A) is incorrect because large-scale trials should only be conducted after initial pilot testing. Option (C) is incorrect because the prevention program needs to pass pilot testing before implementing it on a large scale. Option (D) is irrelevant to Dr. Pullman's present situation.

Question 7

The early detection and treatment of individuals with potentially damaging drinking problems exemplifies

Accepted Answer

Secondary prevention focuses on identifying and treating problems early on, before they become more severe. Detecting and treating potentially damaging drinking problems falls under this category. Primary prevention aims to prevent the development of problems before they occur, while tertiary prevention focuses on managing and treating established problems to prevent further harm.

Question 8

Dr.Wertheimer is working with a teacher to develop strategies to use with future students who exhibit behavior problems.According to the widely accepted classification scheme detailed in Caplan (1970),Dr.Wertheimer is offering __________ consultation.

Accepted Answer

Consultee-centered case consultation focuses on helping the consultee (e.g., the teacher) develop skills and strategies to manage specific cases, such as students with behavior problems.

Question 9

Programs such as Head Start and Meals on Wheels are __________ programs.

Accepted Answer

Programs like Head Start and Meals on Wheels are examples of primary prevention programs because they aim to prevent problems before they occur by providing support and resources to at-risk populations.

Question 10

__________ involves programs that promote the early identification of mental health problems and prompt treatment of problems at an early stage so that mental disorders do not develop.

Accepted Answer

Secondary prevention involves strategies aimed at early identification and intervention to treat a problem at an early stage, preventing it from developing into a full-blown disorder. This approach is particularly relevant in the context of mental health, where early detection and treatment can significantly alter the course of a mental health issue. Primary prevention aims to prevent the problem from occurring in the first place, and tertiary prevention focuses on managing long-term illnesses and preventing complications.

Question 11

Research on the JOBS program has concluded ALL BUT WHICH of the following?

Accepted Answer

Research on the JOBS program has concluded that participants secured better and more stable jobs than nonparticipants, demonstrated higher levels of self-confidence/lower levels of depression than nonparticipants, and that the JOBS program appeared to be cost-effective. However, the research did not find that JOBS participants were re-employed no sooner than nonparticipants.

Question 12

According to Caplan and Nelson (1973),why are some individuals prone to placing responsibility on individuals who are disadvantaged rather than on society or the environment?

Accepted Answer

Caplan and Nelson suggest that attributing the responsibility for an individual's disadvantage to that individual rather than society or the environment serves to free the government and cultural institutions from blame, remove the burden for solving the problem from such institutions, and legitimize traditional clinical practice of treating individuals.

Question 13

According to the Institute of Medicine's 1994 report "Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders," __________ preventive intervention is targeted toward "high risk" individuals.

Accepted Answer

Indicated preventive interventions are specifically designed for individuals who are identified as having minimal but detectable signs or symptoms foreshadowing mental disorder, or biological markers indicating predisposition for mental disorder, but who are not currently meeting diagnostic levels.

Question 14

__________ places an emphasis on counteracting harmful circumstances before they have had a chance to produce illness.

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention focuses on reducing risk factors and promoting protective factors to prevent illness or injury before it occurs. This is in contrast to secondary prevention, which aims to detect and treat illnesses or injuries in their early stages, and tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing and rehabilitating individuals with established illnesses or injuries. Traditional psychological treatment may fall under secondary or tertiary prevention, depending on the stage of illness or injury.

Question 15

Each October,thousands of sites across the country recognize National Depression Screening Day by offering free depression screenings to interested individuals.This kind of program would fall under which of the following categories?

Accepted Answer

This program would fall under the category of secondary prevention, which aims to detect and treat a health condition early on to prevent it from becoming more severe or causing complications. By offering free depression screenings, individuals who may be experiencing symptoms of depression can receive early intervention and treatment, potentially preventing the development of more severe depression or other related health problems.

Question 16

Which of the following correctly illustrates "blaming the victim?"

Accepted Answer

Blaming the victim occurs when the responsibility for a problem or an issue is placed on the individual who experiences the negative outcome, rather than considering external factors or systemic issues. Choice B illustrates this by attributing the decision to drop out of high school solely to the individual's incorrect decision, without considering external factors that might have influenced this choice.

Question 17

A meta-analysis of primary prevention programs for children and adolescents (Durlak & Wells,1997)concluded that

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis concluded that the average participant in primary prevention programs demonstrated a better outcome than at least 50% of those in control groups. This suggests that such programs have a positive effect on the participants compared to those who do not participate in the program.

Question 18

__________ are considered viable alternatives to the chronic hospitalization of mentally ill patients.

Accepted Answer

Community lodges and day hospitals are both considered viable alternatives to the chronic hospitalization of mentally ill patients. Community lodges provide supportive housing and resources for individuals with mental illness, while day hospitals offer a structured treatment program during the day and allow patients to return home at night. Both options prioritize community integration and can provide patients with the support they need in a less restrictive environment.

Question 19

In the field of community psychology,empowerment

Accepted Answer

Empowerment in community psychology is closely related to the concept of locus of control. It refers to the process of enhancing the power and control of a community or group over their lives and improving their well-being. It is not incompatible with the prevention of mental disorders or an appreciation of diversity, so options A and B are incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of the kind of consultation that might be provided by a community psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Community psychologists often provide consultation services to organizations or groups in the community, including schools, government agencies, and businesses. The examples given in options A, B, and C all fit this description, so the correct answer is D - all of the above.

Quiz 16: Community Psychology

Race was once viewed as ,and now is viewed as .