In establishing causality,which of the following conditions,in practice,is the MOST challenging?
A)There must exist an independent and dependent variable at the same time.
B)The two variables must be correlated.
C)The cause must precede the effect in repeated experiments.
D)The relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable must not be caused by some other factor.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Establishing causality is most challenging when there are other factors that could be causing the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. It is important to control for these confounding variables in order to establish a causal relationship. The other conditions listed (existence of independent and dependent variables, correlation, and temporal precedence) are also important but are generally more straightforward to establish.

In Establishing Causality,which of the Following Conditions,in Practice,is the MOST