Question 1

Which of the following lists the components found in a synapse?
A) Axon terminal, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic terminal
B) Axon terminal, synaptic space, and postsynaptic terminal
C) Dendritic spine, soma, and synaptic cleft
D) Soma, synaptic cleft, and receptor

Accepted Answer

A synapse consists of an axon terminal (the end of the presynaptic neuron), a synaptic cleft (the gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons), and a postsynaptic terminal (the end of the postsynaptic neuron).

Question 2

The part of a neuron that sends neurotransmitters into a synapse is called a(n):
A) receptor.
B) synapse.
C) axon.
D) dendrite.

Accepted Answer

The axon is the part of the neuron that sends neurotransmitters into a synapse. It is a long, thin extension of the cell body that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells.

Question 3

If a neuroscientist described a structure as more lateral to a particular area,this means that:
A) the structure is below the area.
B) the structure is closer to the midline of the brain.
C) the structure is further out to the side of the brain.
D) the structure is anterior to the area.

Accepted Answer

"Lateral" refers to the side of the brain. So if a structure is described as more lateral to a particular area, it means that it is further out to the side of the brain.

Question 4

A disease that destroyed astrocytes would be expected to:
A) decrease a neurons's aerobic energy metabolism.
B) prevent electrical impulses from traveling down axons.
C) lead to foreign substances entering the brain from the circulatory system.
D) increase the density of dendritic spines.

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes form the blood-brain barrier, which prevents foreign substances from entering the brain from the circulatory system.

Question 5

Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior,senses,and movement are called:
A) neurons.
B) glial cells.
C) synapses.
D) endothelial cells.

Accepted Answer

Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system responsible for transmitting information throughout the body, controlling behavior, senses, and movement. Glial cells provide support for neurons, synapses are the connections between neurons, and endothelial cells are part of the vascular system.

Question 6

Which of the following are afferent neurons,relative to the central nervous system?
A) Motor neurons
B) Sensory neurons
C) Interneurons
D) Synaptic neurons

Accepted Answer

Afferent neurons are also known as sensory neurons, which transmit sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. Therefore, choice B (sensory neurons) is the best option. Motor neurons (choice A) transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. Interneurons (choice C) are neurons found within the central nervous system that are responsible for processing and integrating information between sensory and motor neurons. Synaptic neurons (choice D) are not a type of neuron, but rather, synapses are the junctions between two neurons where communication occurs.

Question 7

Oligodendrocytes form:
A) synapses.
B) the blood-brain barrier
C) myelin around axons.
D) spines along dendrites.

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell in the central nervous system (CNS) that produce and maintain the myelin sheath around axons. This myelin sheath helps to insulate the axon and increases the speed of neural impulses. Oligodendrocytes do not form synapses, the blood-brain barrier, or spines along dendrites.

Question 8

A toxin that destroyed the presynaptic terminal on an axon would likely:
A) prevent a neuron from receiving information from other neurons.
B) prevent a neuron from sending information to other neurons.
C) cause damage to the postsynaptic terminal.
D) change a neuron's dendritic spine growth.

Accepted Answer

A presynaptic terminal is responsible for releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft which can then activate receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. If the presynaptic terminal is destroyed, the neuron cannot send information to other neurons.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of neurons?
A) Neurons communicate with other neurons in the central nervous system.
B) Neurons have dendrites and axons.
C) Neurons form myelin sheaths around axons.
D) Neurons control behavior, senses, and movement.

Accepted Answer

Neurons do not form myelin sheaths around their own axons. Rather, myelin sheaths are formed by specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 10

A researcher found that a drug increased heart rate.Which nervous system was the drug most likely acting upon?
A) Central Nervous System
B) Somatic Nervous System
C) Extrapyramidal System
D) Autonomic Nervous System

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, so the drug is most likely acting upon this system. The other options do not regulate heart rate.

Question 11

The greater the density of spines along dendrites,the greater a neuron's:
A) neurotransmitter system.
B) synaptic zone.
C) firing rate.
D) receptive area.

Accepted Answer

The density of spines along dendrites increases the surface area available for synapses, thus enhancing the neuron's receptive area.

Question 12

A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex.Relative to the hippocampus,the neuron would be called a(n):
A) afferent neuron.
B) efferent neuron.
C) interneuron.
D) motor neuron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A neuron was found to originate in...

Question 13

Which type of microglial cells promote inflammation?
A) M4
B) M3
C) M2
D) M1

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of microglial cells promote inflammation?
A)...

Question 14

The parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons are called:
A) axons.
B) dendrites.
C) synapses.
D) somas.

Accepted Answer

Dendrites are the part of a neuron that receives information from other neurons through synapses. Axons are the long part of the neuron that sends information to other neurons. Synapses are the junctions between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to communicate information. Somas, also known as cell bodies, are the main part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles.

Question 15

What effect might a disease that destroyed oligodendrocytes have on neuronal function?
A) Mitochondria in a neuron would no longer function.
B) Neurons would be unable to form the blood-brain barrier.
C) Electrical impulses would be unable to travel down axons.
D) Neurotransmission from the neuron would increase.

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing myelin, which wraps around axons and allows for faster transmission of electrical impulses. Without myelin, the impulses would not be able to travel down the axons efficiently, leading to disrupted neuronal function. Mitochondria and the blood-brain barrier are not directly affected by the loss of oligodendrocytes, and neurotransmission would likely be impaired rather than increased.

Question 16

If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons,what can be concluded?
A) The structure must receive information from other neurons.
B) The structure must also have afferent neurons.
C) The structure sends information to other neurons.
D) Interneurons affect the flow of information in the structure.

Accepted Answer

Efferent neurons are responsible for sending information from a structure to other neurons or muscles. Therefore, if a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, it can be concluded that the structure sends information to other neurons or muscles, but it does not necessarily mean that it receives information from other neurons (choice A). The presence of efferent neurons does not necessarily imply the presence of afferent neurons (choice B) or interneurons (choice D).

Question 17

A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex.Relative to the prefrontal cortex,the neuron would be called a(n):
A) interneuron.
B) efferent neuron.
C) afferent neuron.
D) motor neuron.

Accepted Answer

An afferent neuron carries information towards a particular structure, in this case, the prefrontal cortex.

Question 18

Which cell causes endothelial cells to fit closely together?
A) Oligodendrocytes
B) Microglial cells
C) Astrocytes
D) Interneurons

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes play a crucial role in the tight junctions of endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier. They release chemical signals that cause the endothelial cells to fit closely together, reducing the permeability of the blood vessels in the brain.

Question 19

_____________ is a process for responding to brain injury.
A) Microglial cell activation
B) Gliosis
C) Myelination
D) The blood-brain barrier

Accepted Answer

Gliosis is the process of the brain responding to injury by creating scar tissue in the affected area. This can help to isolate the affected area and prevent further damage, but can also limit the brain's ability to recover function in that area.

Note: A, C, and D are also involved in brain injury response, but they are not the process for responding to brain injury. A is a form of immune response in the brain, C is the process of creating the insulation around nerve fibers, and D is a protective barrier that separates the brain from the rest of the body.

Question 20

If physicians found that inflammation had caused damage to the blood-brain barrier,which cells would most likely be responsible?
A) Astrocytes
B) Microglial cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Neurons.

Accepted Answer

Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, including the brain. They become activated in response to injury or disease, leading to inflammation. This inflammation can result in damage to the blood-brain barrier.

Quiz 2: The Nervous System

Which of the following lists the components found in a synapse?

The part of a neuron that sends neurotransmitters into a synapse is called a(n) :

If a neuroscientist described a structure as more lateral to a particular area,this means that:

A disease that destroyed astrocytes would be expected to:

Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior,senses,and movement are called:

Which of the following are afferent neurons,relative to the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes form:

A toxin that destroyed the presynaptic terminal on an axon would likely:

Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of neurons?

A researcher found that a drug increased heart rate.Which nervous system was the drug most likely acting upon?

The greater the density of spines along dendrites,the greater a neuron's:

A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex.Relative to the hippocampus,the neuron would be called a(n) :

Which type of microglial cells promote inflammation?

The parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons are called:

What effect might a disease that destroyed oligodendrocytes have on neuronal function?

If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons,what can be concluded?

A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex.Relative to the prefrontal cortex,the neuron would be called a(n) :

Which cell causes endothelial cells to fit closely together?

_____________ is a process for responding to brain injury.

If physicians found that inflammation had caused damage to the blood-brain barrier,which cells would most likely be responsible?