Question 1

Although gender is not inherent in inanimate objects or in behaviors,we treat many objects and behaviors as if they were masculine or feminine.This cognitive organization of the world according to gender is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A gender schema is a cognitive framework that organizes information and behaviors according to gender categories. It includes our beliefs about what characteristics and qualities are associated with each gender, and it shapes how we perceive and interact with the world around us. This often leads to gender stereotyping, which is the process of applying these beliefs to individuals based on their gender. Sex typing refers to the process of learning and adopting gender-specific behaviors and roles, while gender bias refers to favoring one gender over the other.

Question 2

During a play period at an elementary school,Ms.Yomogida sends the boys to the football field while she leads the girls in ballet.This is a typical example of how teachers

Accepted Answer

Ms. Yomogida's action of sending the boys to play football and the girls to do ballet reinforces traditional gender-role socialization, where boys are expected to participate in physically active sports and girls in more passive and graceful activities.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT associated with the male sexual script?

Accepted Answer

The male sexual script often emphasizes physicality and performance, such as initiating sex and not expressing doubts. The idea that love and sex are inseparable is more commonly associated with traditional female sexual scripts.

Question 4

While walking through the toy store with her 1-year-old son,Brianna stops and points out the baseballs,shows her son guns and trucks,and walks quickly past the Barbie dolls.This aspect of parental gender socialization is called

Accepted Answer

Channeling refers to the way parents steer children toward gender-typical toys and activities. In this scenario, Brianna is channeling her son towards masculine toys, such as baseballs and trucks, and away from feminine toys, such as Barbie dolls. Activity exposure refers to the opportunities parents provide for children to engage in certain activities, while indoctrination involves actively teaching children gender stereotypes and roles. Verbal appellation involves using gendered language to describe and address children, such as calling boys "big strong boys" and girls "pretty little girls."

Question 5

Male characters on television typically are

Accepted Answer

Male characters on television are often portrayed as aggressive, problem-solvers, and rescuers. These traits are commonly associated with traditional notions of masculinity, and are frequently used to define male characters in various types of media. This trend is slowly changing, however, as more diverse and nuanced depictions of male characters are being introduced across different genres and platforms.

Question 6

Mary sends her son to a military school because she is concerned about his affinity towards "women's activities" such as cooking and sewing.She believes that equestrian and other outdoor activities will make him manlier.Which of the following methods of socialization is most likely used by Mary here?

Accepted Answer

Mary is using activity exposure by encouraging her son to participate in activities she believes are more appropriate for his gender, such as equestrian and outdoor activities, to influence his interests and behaviors.

Question 7

A significant difference between the Black female gender role and the White female gender role is that African American

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Black women tend to socialize their daughters to be more self-reliant and assertive, in part due to historical and contemporary experiences of racism and sexism that have necessitated such qualities for survival and success. This differs from the traditional gender role socialization of White women, which emphasizes compliance, nurturance, and deference to men.

Question 8

Which of the following characterizes typical female characters on television?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that female characters on television are typically under age 30, thin, and portrayed as attractive. This is known as the "beauty myth" and can have negative effects on women's self-esteem and body image.

Question 9

When the kids on the block play "airplane," Tran,who wants play the flight attendant,is ridiculed by the other boys who say,"That's for girls!" This example typically shows how peers influence gender-role learning through

Accepted Answer

The other boys are verbally disapproving Tran's choice of playing the flight attendant by saying, "That's for girls!" This shows how peers influence gender-role learning through verbal disapproval.

Question 10

Tressa is playing with her dolls.Her mother compliments her on how nicely she has dressed them.This makes Tressa more interested in her dolls and in hairstyling.Which theory does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

This exemplifies the cognitive social learning theory, as Tressa's interest in her dolls and hairstyling was influenced by her mother's compliment, which is a form of social learning.

Question 11

Tyrell and Tenisha like to play house.Every time they play,Tenisha scolds Tyrell for the pretended mess he makes and ridicules him for not knowing how to set the table.He is not allowed to hold her doll except under her watchful eye.According to social learning theory,these roles are

Accepted Answer

The social learning theory suggests that behaviors are learned through observation and imitation, which is likely the case with Tyrell and Tenisha's roles during their playhouse games. The other options such as biological differences, instincts, and cognitive development are not as applicable to this situation.

Question 12

All of the following are associated with the traditional masculine gender role EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Communication is not specifically associated with the traditional masculine gender role. In fact, traditional gender roles often discourage men from expressing their emotions or communicating their thoughts and feelings openly. Power orientation, feelings of superiority, and competitiveness are all traditionally associated with the masculine gender role.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an element of the traditional female sexual script?

Accepted Answer

The traditional female sexual script includes the belief that sex is both good and bad, the idea that women shouldn't talk about sex, and the pressure for women to look a certain way. However, it does not include the idea that men have to be taught to love.

Question 14

All of the following are associated with the traditional female gender role EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Independence is not typically associated with the traditional female gender role. Passivity, compliance, and nurturance are all commonly associated with this role.

Question 15

When Sydney insists on sitting on her mother's lap,her mother says she is being loving.When Damien insists on sitting on his mother's lap,he is told that he is being a baby.This demonstrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates the concept of verbal appellation, which is the act of giving a name or label to someone that may or may not be accurate. In this case, the mother is using different labels to describe the same behavior based on the gender of her children. This highlights the gender bias and cultural expectations that often influence our language and actions towards others.

Question 16

African American women

Accepted Answer

African American women have historically been seen as symbols of strength and resilience in their communities, overcoming various forms of oppression and discrimination. They have also been at the forefront of various social justice movements, demonstrating leadership and activism. This contradicts the idea that they are more rigid in their thinking about gender roles or epitomes of traditional female role models. The notion that they are more dependent than women of other minority groups is also a stereotype that does not reflect the diversity and complexity of African American women's experiences.

Question 17

In the context of gender-role learning in children,which item is out of place here?

Accepted Answer

Indoctrination is out of place as it implies imposing a set of beliefs, whereas the other terms refer to methods through which parents guide gender-role learning in children.

Question 18

A cognitive development theorist and a cognitive social learning theorist agree on many things.However,they DISAGREE on

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development theorists, such as Jean Piaget, believe that learning occurs through stages of cognitive development, which are primarily determined by age. In contrast, cognitive social learning theorists, such as Albert Bandura, emphasize the role of learning through observation and modeling, regardless of age. As such, they do not believe that age is the primary determinant of how learning takes place, which is the main point of disagreement between the two theoretical perspectives. The influence of culture on gender roles, the role of parents in gender role socialization, and the role of modeling behavior are all areas of agreement between cognitive development and cognitive social learning theorists.

Question 19

Vanessa's parents are African American.Most likely,they will socialize her to be

Accepted Answer

There is no evidence to suggest that Vanessa's parents would socialize her to be a full-time homemaker or meek and obedient to social stimuli. However, research has shown that African American families often prioritize independence and self-reliance in their children, so it is likely that Vanessa would be socialized to be more independent than girls raised in traditional White households.

Question 20

Tanya and Kevin are twins.They recently got a new swingset for their backyard.Kevin is allowed to climb the ladder to the top of the slide by himself,but Tanya is only allowed to do it with her mother's assistance.This is a typical example of

Accepted Answer

This is a clear example of a double standard. There is no logical reason why Kevin should be allowed to climb the ladder alone while Tanya requires assistance. The difference in treatment is based solely on their gender or some other arbitrary characteristic. This can create feelings of resentment or unfairness between siblings.

Quiz 5: Gender and Gender Roles