Question 1

A surgeon had severed Barbara's corpus callosum in order to reduce the severity of her epileptic seizures.After the surgery,when she was shown an image in her left visual field,she could not ____.

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain. When severed, information presented to the left visual field (processed by the right hemisphere) cannot be verbally named because the language centers are typically in the left hemisphere, which is disconnected.

Question 2

Hormones released from the ____ gland control the production and release of sex hormones by the ovaries and testes,initiating puberty and maintaining fertility.

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is responsible for the release of hormones that control the production and release of sex hormones by the ovaries and testes, initiating puberty and maintaining fertility. The other glands listed (pineal, thyroid, adrenal) do not play a direct role in regulating sex hormones.

Question 3

The endocrine system is directly involved with ____.

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system is responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and sex through the secretion of hormones. It is also involved in arousal through the release of certain hormones. Movement and balance, pleasure and pain, and vision, hearing, and taste are primarily controlled by other systems in the body.

Question 4

Compare and contrast the function and source of neurotransmitters and hormones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the function and source...

Question 5

Arnold is a young athlete and body builder who hopes to be an Olympic weight lifter.He sees that other athletes at the gym take ____ for performance enhancement;however,it is banned by the Olympic Committee.

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone is often used by athletes to enhance their performance and muscle growth. However, it is banned by the Olympic Committee as it provides an unfair advantage and can have harmful side effects. Insulin, vasopressin, and estrogen are also hormones but are not commonly used for performance enhancement in weight lifting.

Question 6

Piya suffers from severe jet lag when traveling between Bangkok and Boston.He might benefit from an added dose of the chemical messenger ____,which is endogenously released by the ____.

Accepted Answer

Piya's jet lag can be relieved by an added dose of melatonin, which is released by the pineal gland. Melatonin helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and can help adjust the body's internal clock when traveling across time zones. Thyroid hormone, oxytocin, and insulin do not have a direct role in regulating the body's circadian rhythm and would not be as effective for treating jet lag.

Question 7

The endocrine system is comprised of a number of glands that release chemical messengers known as ____ into the ____.

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system releases hormones into the blood, which then circulate throughout the body and affect various target organs and tissues. Neurotransmitters, on the other hand, are released by neurons and act locally at synapses, rather than being carried throughout the bloodstream. Cerebrospinal fluid is primarily involved in nourishing and protecting the central nervous system, and is not directly involved in the regulation of hormonal activity.

Question 8

Psychologists have described the human nervous system as the communication and control center for the body.The nervous system allows us to take in information from the environment,communicate the information to different parts of the body,and coordinate the body's response.The nervous system itself is made up of neurons,or nerve cells,that communicate with each other by receiving and transmitting electrochemical signals,called neurotransmission.All human behavior is made possible by the activity of individual neurons working together in the nervous system.Think about a simple action you do every day,like answering your phone.When you perform this routine act,what are the individual neurons in your nervous system doing to make it possible?
In a multiparagraph essay,explain how the activity of individual neurons enables you to perform a simple action like answering your phone.Be sure to describe the main parts of a neuron,explain the unique function of each part,and describe how neurons use electrochemical signals for neurotransmission.Include details from class materials,readings,and research on the nervous system to support your discussion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists have described the human nervous system...

Question 9

The endocrine system responds to input from the nervous system,particularly from the ____.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a small but important structure located in the brain that plays a key role in regulating the endocrine system. It receives input from the nervous system and uses this information to control hormone release from the pituitary gland, which then stimulates other endocrine glands throughout the body.

Question 10

The idea that a person's dominant hemisphere influences their creativity or ability to think logically is ____.

Accepted Answer

The idea that a person's dominant hemisphere influences their creativity or ability to think logically is a popular myth about lateralization. While there is some evidence to suggest that certain functions are more localized in one hemisphere, the idea that one hemisphere is dominant for creativity or logical thinking is not supported by research. Furthermore, the assertion that most left-handed individuals are employed as artists or musicians is also a myth.

Question 11

Lower than normal levels of hormones released from the ____,which raises or lowers metabolism,can mimic the symptoms of ____.

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland releases hormones that regulate metabolism. Lower than normal levels of these hormones can lead to a slowed metabolism and mimic the symptoms of depression. The other options are not directly related to metabolism and their hormone imbalances would not cause symptoms similar to depression.

Question 12

According to the text,"The nature of the autonomic nervous system is important to our understanding of stress.The sympathetic division was designed to deal with emergencies that could be resolved relatively quickly.Our ancestors either escaped that lion or they did not.Worrying about far distant dangers is a luxury that human beings did not have until quite recently." Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your reasoning.What are the physical consequences of "worrying about far distant dangers?"

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,"The nature of the...

Question 13

The ____,located just above the roof of the mouth and just below the ____,is often referred to as the body's master gland because many of the hormones it releases activate the body's other glands.

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is located just above the roof of the mouth and just below the hypothalamus. It is often referred to as the body's master gland because many of the hormones it releases activate the body's other glands. The other options mentioned, such as the pineal gland, amygdala, thyroid gland, and medulla, do not match the description given in the question.

Question 14

Stefan is ____;therefore,he is nearly certain to lateralize language to his left hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the vast majority of people (around 90%) are right-handed and thus have their language functions localized in the left hemisphere of the brain. Left-handed people may have more variability in their brain lateralization, but this cannot be assumed without further information. Ambidextrous and bidextrous are terms that refer to being able to use both hands equally well, but do not necessarily indicate how language is lateralized in the brain.

Question 15

Mary Ann and Toby have been married for two years and are very happy.Each feels they receive a high level of support from the other and are very physically compatible.They may have higher than average levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is known as the "love hormone" and is released during physical touch, such as hugs or sexual activity, as well as emotional bonding between individuals. Higher levels of oxytocin have been associated with increased feelings of trust, closeness, and satisfaction in relationships. Therefore, Mary Ann and Toby's high levels of support and physical compatibility may be attributed to higher than average levels of oxytocin.

Question 16

How do hormones differ from neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream to target distant cells, while neurotransmitters are released by nerve cells and target adjacent cells in the nervous system. Hormones are also typically larger molecules than neurotransmitters.

Question 17

You reach for a pot on the stove but it is much too hot,causing your hand to quickly withdraw from the handle.Explain how information traveled from your hand to your spinal cord.by describing the steps involved in generating and transmitting an action potential,and the steps involved in neuronal communication following the action potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You reach for a pot on the...

Question 18

Which of the following is not one of the theories regarding the possible advantages of lateralization?

Accepted Answer

Lateralization is not typically associated with reducing vulnerability to diseases and disorders. The other options relate to potential advantages of lateralization, such as language development, multitasking, and combat advantages.

Question 19

Henry works the night shift at a convenience store.He sees a man entering the store with his hood up,hands in his pockets,and eyes darting around.This causes Henry's stress level to surge.At times of stress,pituitary hormones activate the ____ gland(s),which release(s)other hormones,including ____,that travel throughout the body and brain to provide a general "wake up" message.

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland activates the adrenal gland during times of stress, which releases hormones such as cortisol that provide a general "wake up" message to the body and brain. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreatic gland releases insulin, which regulates glucose levels, but is not involved in the stress response. Choice B is incorrect because the pineal gland releases melatonin, which regulates sleep and wake cycles, but is not involved in the stress response. Choice C is incorrect because the thyroid gland releases hormones that regulate metabolism, but is not directly involved in the stress response.

Quiz 4: The Biological Mind the Physical Basis of Behavior