Question 1

Gamma waves accompany the processing of sensory input,particularly
A)vestibular stimuli.
B)olfactory stimuli.
C)auditory stimuli.
D)visual stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Gamma waves are associated with visual processing and are especially active when processing sensory information related to visual stimuli.

Question 2

Mina is seeing a therapist for depression.After several sessions,Mina's therapist recommends that she undergo light therapy and take antidepressant medication.Mina likely suffers from which disorder?
A)Neurasthenia
B)Somatization disorder
C)Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern
D)Bipolar disorder

Accepted Answer

The fact that Mina's therapist recommended light therapy and medication suggests that she is likely suffering from major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern (also known as seasonal affective disorder). Light therapy and medication are commonly used treatments for this disorder. Option A (Neurasthenia) and B (Somatization disorder) are not recognized as official diagnoses in the current version of the DSM-5. Option D (Bipolar disorder) is a possibility, but the information given in the question does not provide enough evidence to definitively diagnose bipolar disorder.

Question 3

Approximately an hour after falling asleep,Daisy's roommate repeatedly shakes her shoulder and asks Daisy to move her car out of the driveway.Daisy takes several minutes to respond to her roommate and then opens the refrigerator to find her keys.What type of brain waveforms did Daisy display right before being awakened?
A)Delta waves
B)Theta waves
C)Beta waves
D)Theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes

Accepted Answer

Approximately an hour after falling asleep, Daisy is likely in the deep sleep stage, which is characterized by delta waves.

Question 4

Recent research focusing on morning people (larks)and night people (owls)suggests that ________.
A)being an owl is actually evolutionary adaptive,as people get more work done when they are safely in their homes at night
B)one can easily "retrain their bodies to shift to a different pattern"
C)being a lark or an owl may be due to genetic influence
D)there are significant hypothalamus differences between larks and owls

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that being a lark or an owl may be due to genetic influence.

Question 5

Duke is exhausted and plops down on the couch.Fifteen minutes after falling asleep,Duke is not awakened by the refrigerator cycling on.He is,however,awakened by his roommate opening the refrigerator door.What type of brain waveforms did Duke display right before being awakened?
A)Delta waves
B)Theta waves
C)Beta waves
D)Theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes

Accepted Answer

Duke was likely in stage 2 of non-REM sleep, characterized by theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes, which can be interrupted by external stimuli like a door opening.

Question 6

Tao wakes up his roommate Don so that he doesn't miss his morning classes again.Don tells Tao,"I wish you hadn't woken me up,I was about to land on Mars after winning a fierce battle against flying jellyfish." Don was most likely in ____.
A)Stage 1 N-REM
B)Stage 2 N-REM
C)Stage 3 or 4 N-REM
D)REM sleep

Accepted Answer

Don's story about winning a battle against flying jellyfish and about to land on Mars is most likely a dream, indicating that he is in the stage of REM sleep where most dreaming occurs.

Question 7

Why is it inaccurate to say that daydreaming is a "total waste of time"?
A)Because synaptic pruning,which is essential to the overall health of the brain,occur at higher rates during moments of daydreaming.
B)Because daydreaming gives our brain an opportunity to capture more of the essential REM waves needed for repair and growth.
C)Because we often think about past experiences and plan our future when the DMN is active during daydreaming.
D)Because daydreaming gives the brain an opportunity to replenish its supply of spent neurotransmitters,particularly dopamine and serotonin.

Accepted Answer

Daydreaming allows the default mode network (DMN) of the brain to become active, which is associated with reflection on past experiences and planning for the future. This can be beneficial for personal growth and development, making daydreaming not a total waste of time. Options A, B, and D are not supported by current research on daydreaming.

Question 8

While eating her morning bowl of cereal,Kalinda daydreams about what she would do if she won the upcoming lottery drawing.Which cortical areas of Kalinda's brain are likely to be activated?
A)The DMN
B)Frontoparietal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex
C)Anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
D)Retrosplenial cortex and posterior parietal cortex

Accepted Answer

The Default Mode Network (DMN) is associated with mind-wandering and daydreaming, which is what Kalinda is doing while thinking about winning the lottery.

Question 9

A shift in one's circadian rhythm during adolescence,which leads to peak alertness at night,is thought to correlate with ____.
A)a surge in the production of sex hormones
B)a burst in brain development
C)heightened individualistic ideals
D)metabolic reorganization

Accepted Answer

The answer of A shift in one's circadian rhythm during...

Question 10

Approximately an hour after falling asleep,Daisy's roommate repeatedly shakes her shoulder and asks Daisy to move her car out of the driveway.Daisy takes several minutes to respond to her roommate and then opens the refrigerator to find her keys.Daisy was most likely in ____.
A)Stage 1 N-REM
B)Stage 2 N-REM
C)Stage 3 or 4 N-REM
D)REM sleep

Accepted Answer

Daisy's slow response and confusion suggest she was in a deep sleep stage, such as Stage 3 or 4 N-REM, which are characterized by deep sleep and difficulty in waking.

Question 11

Azul studies for her upcoming molecular biology midterm.She starts by making an outline of her textbook chapters and then begins studying her lecture notes.Azul's brain is likely to show ____ wave activity.
A)alpha
B)beta
C)delta
D)theta

Accepted Answer

Beta wave activity is associated with active concentration and focus, making it the most likely wave activity for Azul while she is actively studying and reviewing her notes. Alpha wave activity is associated with relaxation, Delta wave activity is associated with deep sleep, and Theta wave activity is associated with meditation and deep relaxation.

Question 12

After a grueling day of classes,Edith returns to her apartment and plops down in a comfortable recliner;she closes her eyes and immediately begins to relax.Edith's brain is likely to show an increase in ____ wave activity.
A)alpha
B)beta
C)delta
D)theta

Accepted Answer

Alpha waves are associated with a relaxed yet alert state of mind. This would be fitting for Edith's state of mind as she is in a comfortable recliner and winding down after a challenging day of classes. Beta waves are associated with an active, engaged state of mind, which would be more fitting for a student during class or studying. Delta and theta waves are associated with deep sleep and meditation, respectively, so they would not be expected during this scenario.

Question 13

Artificial lighting affects sleep by breaking down ____.
A)epinephrine
B)collagen
C)keratin
D)melatonin

Accepted Answer

Artificial lighting, especially blue light from electronic devices, suppresses the production of melatonin, a hormone necessary for regulating sleep-wake cycles. This can disrupt normal sleep patterns and make it harder to fall asleep and stay asleep.

Question 14

What is the evidence to suggest that abrupt changes to one's daily schedule are detrimental to human behavior?
A)Switching from a day to night shift positively correlates with psychotic episodes.
B)Changing over to daylight savings time correlates with increased automobile accidents.
C)Divorce rates are higher in people who travel frequently to different time zones.
D)Murder rates typically increase during severe bouts of inclement weather.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that daylight saving time changes disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythm, leading to sleep disturbances and an increase in fatigue-related accidents, particularly in the first few days following the change.

Answer: A 
 Studies have suggested that individuals who work shifts that disturb their natural sleep-wake cycles may be more prone to psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, and may even experience hallucinations or delusions.

Answer: C 
 Frequent travel across time zones can disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythm, leading to fatigue, sleep disturbances, and even gastrointestinal problems. These effects can contribute to relationship strain and increase the likelihood of divorce.

Answer: None of the above 
 While severe weather may contribute to an increase in certain types of crime, such as property damage or theft, there is no clear evidence to suggest that it leads to an overall increase in murder rates.

Question 15

Duke is exhausted and plops down on the couch.Fifteen minutes after falling asleep,Duke is not awakened by the refrigerator cycling on.He is,however,awakened by his roommate opening the refrigerator door.Duke is most likely in ____.
A)Stage 1 N-REM
B)Stage 2 N-REM
C)Stage 3 or 4 N-REM
D)REM sleep

Accepted Answer

Duke was not awakened by the refrigerator cycling on, which suggests that he was in a deeper sleep stage. However, he was awakened by the sound of the refrigerator door opening, which suggests that he was in a lighter sleep stage. Stage 2 N-REM is the best choice as it is a lighter sleep stage where external stimuli can still be processed, and people are easily awoken by noises.

Question 16

Patti finds her husband Derek asleep in his recliner.She gently touches his shoulder and says,"Derek,wake-up;the dog needs to go out." Derek abruptly responds,"Patti,I am awake!" What type of brain waveforms did Derek display right before being awakened?
A)Delta waves
B)Theta waves
C)Beta waves
D)Alpha waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patti finds her husband Derek asleep in...

Question 17

Varying states of awareness are best monitored using ____,which provides an overall measure of brain activity.
A)a CAT scan
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)an electroencephalogram
D)positron emission tomography

Accepted Answer

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is the best choice for monitoring varying states of awareness, as it measures the overall electrical activity of the brain in real-time. CAT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful for examining the structure of the brain but do not provide information on brain activity. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that can measure brain activity, but it is less commonly used than EEG for monitoring changes in awareness.

Question 18

Our physiological state during REM sleep consists of ____.
A)slow and relaxed heart rate,blood pressure,and breathing;and twitching of postural muscles
B)rapid or irregular heart rate,blood pressure,and breathing;and twitching of postural muscles
C)slow and relaxed heart rate,blood pressure,and breathing;and paralysis of postural muscles
D)rapid or irregular heart rate,blood pressure,and breathing;and paralysis of postural muscles

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, our physiological state includes rapid or irregular heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing, as well as paralysis of postural muscles. This state is sometimes referred to as paradoxical sleep, as our brain is highly active, but our body is essentially paralyzed.

Question 19

Patti finds her husband Derek asleep in his recliner.She gently touches his shoulder and says,"Derek,wake-up;the dog needs to go out." Derek abruptly responds,"Patti,I am awake!" Derek was most likely in ____.
A)Stage 1 N-REM
B)Stage 2 N-REM
C)Stage 3 or 4 N-REM
D)REM sleep

Accepted Answer

Stage 1 N-REM sleep is a light sleep stage where a person can be easily awakened and may feel like they are still awake, which aligns with Derek's abrupt response.

Question 20

Tao wakes up his roommate Don so that he doesn't miss his morning classes again.Don tells Tao,"I wish you hadn't woken me up,I was about to land on Mars after winning a fierce battle against flying jellyfish." What type of brain waveforms did Don display right before being awakened?
A)Delta wave
B)Theta wave
C)Beta wave
D)Theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complex activity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tao wakes up his roommate Don so...

Quiz 6: The Aware Mind Elements of Consciousness

Gamma waves accompany the processing of sensory input,particularly

Mina is seeing a therapist for depression.After several sessions,Mina's therapist recommends that she undergo light therapy and take antidepressant medication.Mina likely suffers from which disorder?

Recent research focusing on morning people (larks) and night people (owls) suggests that ________.

Duke is exhausted and plops down on the couch.Fifteen minutes after falling asleep,Duke is not awakened by the refrigerator cycling on.He is,however,awakened by his roommate opening the refrigerator door.What type of brain waveforms did Duke display right before being awakened?

Tao wakes up his roommate Don so that he doesn't miss his morning classes again.Don tells Tao,"I wish you hadn't woken me up,I was about to land on Mars after winning a fierce battle against flying jellyfish." Don was most likely in ____.

Why is it inaccurate to say that daydreaming is a "total waste of time"?

While eating her morning bowl of cereal,Kalinda daydreams about what she would do if she won the upcoming lottery drawing.Which cortical areas of Kalinda's brain are likely to be activated?

A shift in one's circadian rhythm during adolescence,which leads to peak alertness at night,is thought to correlate with ____.

Approximately an hour after falling asleep,Daisy's roommate repeatedly shakes her shoulder and asks Daisy to move her car out of the driveway.Daisy takes several minutes to respond to her roommate and then opens the refrigerator to find her keys.Daisy was most likely in ____.

Azul studies for her upcoming molecular biology midterm.She starts by making an outline of her textbook chapters and then begins studying her lecture notes.Azul's brain is likely to show ____ wave activity.

After a grueling day of classes,Edith returns to her apartment and plops down in a comfortable recliner;she closes her eyes and immediately begins to relax.Edith's brain is likely to show an increase in ____ wave activity.

Artificial lighting affects sleep by breaking down ____.

What is the evidence to suggest that abrupt changes to one's daily schedule are detrimental to human behavior?

Duke is exhausted and plops down on the couch.Fifteen minutes after falling asleep,Duke is not awakened by the refrigerator cycling on.He is,however,awakened by his roommate opening the refrigerator door.Duke is most likely in ____.

Patti finds her husband Derek asleep in his recliner.She gently touches his shoulder and says,"Derek,wake-up;the dog needs to go out." Derek abruptly responds,"Patti,I am awake!" What type of brain waveforms did Derek display right before being awakened?

Varying states of awareness are best monitored using ____,which provides an overall measure of brain activity.

Our physiological state during REM sleep consists of ____.

Patti finds her husband Derek asleep in his recliner.She gently touches his shoulder and says,"Derek,wake-up;the dog needs to go out." Derek abruptly responds,"Patti,I am awake!" Derek was most likely in ____.

Tao wakes up his roommate Don so that he doesn't miss his morning classes again.Don tells Tao,"I wish you hadn't woken me up,I was about to land on Mars after winning a fierce battle against flying jellyfish." What type of brain waveforms did Don display right before being awakened?