Question 1

Which personality disorder is characterized by grandiosity,need for admiration,and lack of empathy?

Accepted Answer

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a need for constant admiration and attention, and a lack of empathy towards others. People with this disorder often believe that they are special and superior to others and require excessive praise and attention. They have difficulty dealing with criticism and can become angry or hostile when their sense of self-worth is threatened.

Question 2

Patients with somatic symptoms usually visit physicians very frequently,report high numbers of physical complaints,and are at risk of ____.

Accepted Answer

Patients with somatic symptoms are at risk of becoming dependent on pain medications because they may rely on them to manage their physical complaints, even if there is no clear medical explanation for their symptoms. This can lead to addiction and further health problems.

Question 3

Which of the following people is within a group that would have the highest chance of experiencing PTSD after witnessing the attacks on the twin towers of the World Trade Center on September 11,2001?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with fewer social supports, like Esperanza who recently moved and has few family members or friends, are at a higher risk of experiencing PTSD after traumatic events.

Question 4

Research on individuals with antisocial parents suggests a genetic contribution to antisocial personality disorder.Of the following,who exemplifies a survival advantage that might be related to this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality traits have been linked to a higher risk-taking behavior, impulsivity, and aggressiveness, which may provide an advantage in certain competitive and/or violent situations. Therefore, individuals like Art, who have a background in the military and have been recognized for their combat skills, may exemplify a survival advantage related to this disorder. The other choices (Gwen, Lance, and Elaine) do not necessarily involve the same level of risk-taking or aggression that could lead to a survival advantage.

Question 5

In brain imaging studies,people with antisocial personality disorder showed relatively little activity in the amygdala,which normally ____.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is involved in the recognition of fear and other negative emotions in others, as well as in the generation of emotional responses. Research has found reduced amygdala activity in individuals with antisocial personality disorder, which may contribute to their difficulty in processing and responding appropriately to emotional stimuli.

Question 6

Dennis admired his boss greatly at first.They had an intense and productive working relationship,which then turned volatile when his boss informed him that the company was reducing the number of fulltime employees.Though his work record was very positive,Dennis began exhibiting impulsive,self-destructive behaviors at work,and was asked to leave.He found another job,but the same pattern caused him to lose that position after he was passed over for a promotion.What personality disorder best fits Dennis's behavioral patterns?

Accepted Answer

Dennis's impulsive and self-destructive behaviors, as well as his intense and unstable relationships, suggest borderline personality disorder. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and often involves criminal behavior. Dissociative disorder involves a disruption in consciousness or memory, which is not evident in the scenario. Major depressive disorder involves persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness, which are not evident in Dennis's behavior.

Question 7

In the DSM-5,the criteria for antisocial personality disorder are ____.

Accepted Answer

The criteria for antisocial personality disorder in the DSM-5 are quite similar to the definition of psychopathy, which is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, impulsive behavior, and a lack of remorse or guilt. The criteria are not focused solely on criminal behaviors, nor are they similar to the definition of schizophrenia. While genetics may play a role in the development of antisocial personality disorder, it is not the primary focus of the diagnostic criteria.

Question 8

A dissociative disorder is characterized by disruptions in a person's ____.

Accepted Answer

Dissociative disorders are characterized by disruptions or alterations in a person's identity, memory, or consciousness. This can include symptoms such as feeling detached from oneself, experiencing gaps in memory, or losing time.

Question 9

What may well-meaning therapists misinterpret as dissociative identity disorder?

Accepted Answer

Well-meaning therapists may misinterpret responses to extreme stress, such as depersonalization and derealization, as dissociative identity disorder. These responses are common in individuals who have experienced traumatic events but do not necessarily indicate the presence of a dissociative disorder.

Question 10

When a person experiences depersonalization or derealization disorder they might feel as though

Accepted Answer

Depersonalization disorder is characterized by feelings of detachment from oneself, as if one is watching oneself from outside the body.

Question 11

Somatic symptom disorder is characterized by physical symptoms ____.

Accepted Answer

Somatic symptom disorder is diagnosed when a person has one or more physical symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical condition or substance use and that cause significant distress and/or impairment in daily life. These symptoms may vary in intensity, type, and duration, but they are not consciously produced or feigned in order to deceive others or to obtain secondary gains, such as compensation, drugs, or attention. Instead, they are believed to reflect a genuine somatic perception or misinterpretation of bodily sensations that is associated with anxiety, depression, trauma, or other psychological factors. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C, and D are incorrect.

Question 12

According to DSM-5,a personality disorder cannot be diagnosed in any individual who is under ____ years of age.

Accepted Answer

According to DSM-5, a personality disorder cannot be diagnosed in individuals who are under 18 years of age. This is because personality traits and behaviors may still be developing and changing during late adolescence and early adulthood. In rare cases, a personality disorder may be diagnosed in individuals aged 16 or 17 if the features have been present for at least one year and the symptoms are not likely to be part of a developmental stage. However, the general rule is that a person must be at least 18 years old to receive a diagnosis of a personality disorder.

Question 13

For this essay,choose either obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)as a topic.Provide a brief description of the disorder.Then give an explanation of the disorder from each of the following three categories: biological,learning,and social/cultural.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For this essay,choose either obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)or...

Question 14

Corporate psychopaths score very high on measures of selfishness,callousness,and ____.

Accepted Answer

The article states that corporate psychopaths score high on measures of selfishness and callousness, but the most important characteristic that distinguishes them is their ability to use others without feeling any remorse. Therefore, choice B - the remorseless use of others - is the best answer. Choices A, C, and D might be associated with some psychopathic traits but are not specifically mentioned in relation to corporate psychopaths in the article.

Question 15

A personality disorder is defined as a disorder characterized by impairments in identity,in personality traits,and in ____.

Accepted Answer

The other options are not necessarily impaired in personality disorders, while empathy and intimacy are commonly impaired traits in personality disorders.

Question 16

Robert experienced a period of confusion as to who he was.During this time he traveled from Edinburgh to Paris under the name of Dan Brown.This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

Robert's traveling under a false name during a period of confusion suggests a dissociative fugue, which is characterized by sudden travel away from home, confusion about identity, and the adoption of a new identity. Depersonalization disorder is characterized by feelings of detachment and unreality, dissociative amnesia is the inability to recall important information, and dissociative identity disorder involves the presence of multiple distinct identities.

Question 17

What is the name of the disorder characterized by an unusual lack of remorse,empathy,or regard for normal social rules and conventions?

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of remorse, empathy, or regard for normal social rules and conventions. People with this disorder may engage in criminal behavior or manipulate and exploit others for their own gain.

Question 18

Antisocial behavior is associated with abnormalities of the orbitofrontal cortex,which often leads to ____.

Accepted Answer

Abnormalities in the orbitofrontal cortex are often associated with poor judgment and impulsivity, which can contribute to antisocial behavior. This area of the brain is responsible for regulating emotions, decision-making, and social behavior. Deficits in these functions can lead to impulsive and sometimes harmful actions. While some individuals with antisocial behavior may commit violent crimes like murder, it is not a universal characteristic of this behavior. Amnesia and the fight-or-flight response are not typically associated with antisocial behavior.

Question 19

What is borderline personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions. Symptoms may include fear of abandonment, impulsive behavior, self-harm, and mood swings. People with borderline personality disorder also often have difficulty regulating their emotions and may have intense and unstable relationships.

Question 20

.During a speed dating session Anders consistently describes himself as a "charming,aggressive,carefree person who is impulsively irresponsible but good at handling people and at looking after number one." Under DSM-5,which of the following is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

Anders' self-description fits with the criteria for antisocial personality disorder, which includes traits such as impulsivity, irresponsibility, lack of remorse, and disregard for social norms and the rights of others. While psychopathy may also be a consideration, it is not a specific diagnosis in DSM-5. Borderline personality disorder would not fit based on the description provided.

Quiz 14: The Troubled Mind Psychological Disorders