Question 1

Psychologist Gordon Allport (1961)defines value as "a belief ____."

Accepted Answer

According to the definition provided by Gordon Allport, a value is a belief upon which a person acts by preference. Values are personal and individual beliefs that guide a person's behavior and decision-making. They are not imposed by family or society, nor are they necessarily intended to perpetuate cultural norms or encourage healthful conduct.

Question 2

What is a critical factor in people's happiness that is consistent with the text's emphasis on social context?

Accepted Answer

The text emphasizes the importance of social context in people's happiness, suggesting that interpersonal relationships play a critical role in determining individuals' well-being. Therefore, the best choice is B, the strength of interpersonal relationships.

Question 3

Some people achieve meaningfulness through religious practice.Although participation in religious or spiritual activities is a behavior,it is strongly predicted by a person's ____.

Accepted Answer

The sentence suggests that a person's need for deeper meaning strongly predicts their participation in religious or spiritual activities. Therefore, option B, "need for deeper meaning," is the best choice. The other options, genetics, cognitive abilities, and development over the life course, are not mentioned in the sentence and do not fit the context.

Question 4

What does the text suggest would be a fruitful area of emphasis when viewing schools as positive institutions in their communities?

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that viewing schools as positive institutions in their communities should prioritize student satisfaction with the school system.

Question 5

Which of the following is one of the criticisms of positive psychology?

Accepted Answer

One of the criticisms of positive psychology is that it implies that people who face medical and psychological issues could cure their condition just by maintaining a positive attitude. This oversimplifies the complexity of medical and psychological conditions and ignores the importance of seeking professional help and treatment.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding positive institutions?

Accepted Answer

Positive institutions feature a reciprocal caring by the institution for its members and by the members for the institution. This means that the institution is supportive of its members and members are invested in the success and well-being of the institution. Positive institutions also have clear and coherent goals, rules, and regulations in place to guide their functioning. They are not malleable depending on the persons currently in power, as their goals and values are grounded in a larger purpose beyond the interests of any individual or group. Overall, positive institutions have a significant impact on the well-being of their community by fostering positive relationships and contributing to the growth and development of their members.

Question 7

Who faces an especially high risk of premature death?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that unmarried individuals face a higher risk of premature death than married individuals. Therefore, Eldred, who is unmarried at age 45, is at a higher risk.

Question 8

One study looked at data on happiness for over 42,000 Americans beginning in 1972.According to their findings,which of these individuals is most likely to report being "very happy"?

Accepted Answer

According to the findings of the study, being married is positively correlated with happiness. Therefore, Gene, who is married, is most likely to report being "very happy" compared to Exavier, who is unmarried, and Levi, who is divorced. Norbert, who has remarried after a divorce, may also have an increased likelihood of being happy, but Gene is the most-likely based on the given options.

Question 9

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the trait of hope?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals who have high levels of hope have better physical and psychological outcomes, including greater pain tolerance and resilience in the face of stress, because they believe that the future will be better. Hope is also linked to greater motivation and planning, meaning that hopeful individuals tend to be more goal-oriented and pursue strategies to achieve their aspirations. While false optimism may be a potential downside of hope, this does not necessarily lead to limited problem-solving. Finally, there is no clear evidence to suggest that hopeful people prefer independent living over strong social networks.

Question 10

An example of an activity associated with many of the characteristics of flow is

Accepted Answer

Playing a challenging video game involves many of the characteristics of flow, such as having a clear goal, immediate feedback, a balance between challenge and skill, being fully immersed in the activity, and losing track of time. Listening to complaints, sitting in traffic, and being disrupted by smells do not involve these characteristics.

Question 11

What is the term used to describe complete absorption in a current activity,such as work,problem solving,or creativity?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe complete absorption in a current activity, such as work, problem solving, or creativity is "flow." This term was coined by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and is often described as being "in the zone." It is characterized by a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and enjoyment in the process of the activity itself.

Question 12

Resilience can lead to growth following a traumatic experience.Among the positive changes associated with posttraumatic growth is a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic growth often involves an increased sense of empathy and compassion for others, as individuals who have experienced trauma may have a greater understanding of pain and struggle. A, B, and C are not typically associated with posttraumatic growth.

Question 13

Which of the following people is most likely employed in a calling?

Accepted Answer

According to the given information, Jarred is the only person who loves his work and is driven by a sense of purpose. This aligns with the concept of a "calling," which is typically associated with work that is personally fulfilling and allows individuals to make a meaningful impact in the lives of others. Ren, Saffron, and Azalea all seem to be in jobs that have some level of dissatisfaction, which is not typically characteristic of a calling.

Question 14

Results from the Gallup World Poll indicate that the United States ranks first in financial wealth and _______ in social wealth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Results from the Gallup World Poll indicate...

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of increasing happiness through living a "good life"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 16

What is one of the reasons that those who score highest on the "pleasant life," without comparable scores on either the "good life" and/or the "meaningful life," tend to be less happy?

Accepted Answer

Pleasurable feelings are temporary and habituate quickly, meaning that one needs to constantly experience new and different pleasures to maintain the same level of happiness. Therefore, those who score highest on the "pleasant life" without comparable scores on either the "good life" and/or the "meaningful life" tend to be less happy because they may become bored or dissatisfied with their current pleasures or experiences.

Question 17

What does research indicate is the major source of marital happiness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does research indicate is the major...

Question 18

How do humanists and positive psychologists approach the concept of "values"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do humanists and positive psychologists approach...

Question 19

Researchers found that happiness predicted bigger increases in income,while higher income did not predict increases in happiness.What was the basic explanation for the former?

Accepted Answer

Happy people form better relationships, which can lead to better job opportunities, networking, and support. These factors can increase income over time.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have shown that once basic needs are met, additional money does not guarantee happiness. While money can make life easier and more comfortable, it does not necessarily lead to greater happiness. Option A is incorrect because some studies have shown a correlation between wealth and happiness, but this relationship is complex and cannot be generalized. Option C is also incorrect because a low socioeconomic status has been correlated with higher levels of stress and anxiety, which can lead to unhappiness. Option D is not entirely accurate because there are many wealthy individuals who report feeling unhappy, and happiness is not solely dependent on financial status.

Quiz 16: The Healthy Mind Stress and Coping, Health Psychology, and Positive Psychology

Psychologist Gordon Allport (1961) defines value as "a belief ____."