Question 1

LIS can be applied to:

Accepted Answer

Computer technology is not limited to just testing; it is applied to many laboratory-related preanalytical and postanalytical functions (e.g.,specimen processing,inventory control,quality control,online monitoring,data entry on patients' charts,and data interpretation).

Question 2

Human chorionic gonadotropin (b-hCG)found in a woman's urine specimen is secreted by a fertilized egg,____ hours after implantation.

Accepted Answer

For the first 6 to 8 weeks after conception,b-hCG helps maintain the corpus luteum and stimulate the production of progesterone.In a normal pregnancy,detectable amounts of about 25 mIU/mL b-hCG are secreted 2 to 3 days (48-72 hours)after implantation,or approximately 8 to 10 days after conception or fertilization.Peak levels are reached approximately 2 to 3 months after the last menstrual period.

Question 3

The major benefits of laboratory automation include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Patient safety benefits from automation include reduction of medical errors; workflow standardization for more precise,consistently reliable test results; and improved test turnaround time for faster diagnosis and better patient care.Automated specimen processing and testing also improve safety for laboratory technologists.

Question 4

The value of the fecal occult blood test is that it could determine the cause of or aid in detecting:

Accepted Answer

Detection of occult blood in the feces is important in determining the cause of hypochromic anemias resulting from chronic loss of blood and in detecting ulcerative or neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal system.Blood in the feces may result from bleeding anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract,from the mouth to the anus.

Question 5

Important characteristics of point-of-care testing (POCT)instruments include:

Accepted Answer

Important characteristics of POCT instruments include:
 1.Rapid turnaround time
 2.Easy portability with single-use disposable reagent cartridges or test strips
 3.Easy-to-perform protocol with one or two steps
 4.Accuracy and precision of results comparable with central laboratory analyzers
 5.Minimal quality control tracking
 6.Storage at ambient temperature for reagents
 7.Use of bar code technology for test packs,controls,and specimens
 8.Economical cost and maintenance free
 9.Software for automatic calibration,system lockouts,and data management
 10.Hard copy or electronic data output that interfaces with a laboratory information system (LIS)or other tracking software

Question 6

The specimen of choice for b-hCG testing is:

Accepted Answer

Most of the kits currently can be used for both serum and urine b-hCG but show better sensitivity with serum,because the concentration of b-hCG in serum is not subject to the wide variation found in urine b-hCG as a result of changes in urine concentration.Urine for the hCG assay (pregnancy test)must be collected at a suitable time after fertilization to allow the concentration of the hormone to rise to a significant detectable level.

Question 7

A false-negative fecal occult blood can be caused by:

Accepted Answer

The ingestion of more than 250 mg/day of vitamin C is to be avoided,because it may cause false-negative results.

Question 8

Fecal occult blood testing tests for:

Accepted Answer

Tests for hemoglobin in fecal specimens are often referred to as tests for occult blood.

Question 9

Leukocytes can be differentiated by:

Accepted Answer

Automated three-part differentials consist of a size-distributed histogram of white blood cells.In most of these instruments,three subpopulations of white cells are counted: lymphocytes,other mononuclear cells,and granulocytes.A computer calculates the number of particles in each area as a percentage of the total white blood cell count histogram.Many instruments provide five-cell differentials.New cell identification systems use digital imaging to identify cells.

Question 10

Which of the following is the sequence of major steps in automated analysis that mimic manual techniques?

Accepted Answer

The major steps designed by manufacturers to mimic manual techniques are:
 1.Specimen collection and processing
 2.Specimen and reagent measurement and delivery
 3.Chemical reaction phase
 4.Measurement phase
 5.Signal processing and data handling

Question 11

Computer hardware for an LIS system includes:

Accepted Answer

A computer system consists of both hardware and software components.Hardware is the physical or "hard" parts of the computer,and software programs contain the instructions that direct computer processes or functions.Computer hardware for every LIS server can be divided into:
 1.central processing unit (CPU)
 2.random access memory (RAM)
 3.peripheral devices external to the CPU

Question 12

General functions of an LIS can include:

Accepted Answer

The functions of the LIS can be grouped into three categories: preanalytical,analytical,and postanalytical.Examples of LIS functions are as follows:
·Preanalytical: Test ordering,specimen labels,specimen accessioning,specimen tracking
·Analytical: Automated results entry,manual results entry,quality control,validation of results,network to laboratory automation systems
·Postanalytical: Patient cumulative reports,workload recording,billing,network to other systems

Question 13

Handheld automated equipment has been developed for many applications,including blood coagulation and blood gases.Other measurements include:

Accepted Answer

Handheld automated equipment has been developed for many applications.Measurements can include electrolytes,prothrombin time,partial thromboplastin time,activated clotting time,hematocrit,arterial blood gases,urea,and glucose.

Question 14

The American Cancer Society recommends that ____ fecal specimen(s)from ____ consecutive specimen(s)be collected for colorectal screening.

Accepted Answer

The American Cancer Society recommends that two samples from three consecutive specimens be collected for colorectal screening.Test kits are usually supplied to patients in groups of three slides.

Question 15

A laboratory test that is not performed in a traditional laboratory is called a ____ test.

Accepted Answer

Diagnostic testing that is not performed within a traditional laboratory is called waived testing by The Joint Commission (TJC).The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Acts of 1988 (CLIA '88)subjects all clinical laboratory testing to federal regulation and inspection.According to CLIA,test procedures are grouped into several categories.Waived tests are simple procedures with little chance of negative outcomes if performed inaccurately.

Question 16

The three most highly automated areas of the clinical laboratory are:

Accepted Answer

Automated instruments have been designed to perform the most frequently ordered tests because it is known that six tests make up 50% of the workload of the average chemistry laboratory.The three most highly automated or semiautomated clinical laboratory specialties are clinical chemistry,hematology,and more recently,urinalysis.Automated or semiautomated testing is less frequently used in blood banking and microbiology,although automated systems for testing and screening donated blood and identification of biochemical reactions of bacteria are becoming more common.

Question 17

False-positive fecal occult blood results can be caused by ingestion of:

Accepted Answer

Several interfering substances may give false-positive results for occult blood.These include those of dietary origin with peroxidase activity,especially myoglobin and hemoglobin in red meat.Vegetable peroxidase,as found in horseradish,can also cause false-positive results.Several foods have been identified as causing erroneous reactions.These include turnips,broccoli,bananas,black grapes,pears,plums,and melons.Cooking generally destroys these peroxidases,and therefore patients are generally instructed to eat only cooked foods.

Question 18

If urine is used for pregnancy testing,it should be:

Accepted Answer

The first morning urine specimen is required because it contains the highest concentration of hormone.Collect the urine specimen in a clean glass or plastic container.

Question 19

An advantage of a 2D bar code is that it is:

Accepted Answer

2D symbols are omnidirectionally scannable-upside down,backward,forward,and even diagonally.

Question 20

Computer interfaces are important to the laboratory for all of the following reasons except:

Accepted Answer

Computer interfaces do not contribute to the accuracy of actual laboratory testing,but interfaces are important to the laboratory because they contribute to the overall effectiveness of the computer support of laboratory operations.It is critical to remember that interfaces pass patient information between computers without direct human intervention.Laboratory time has been saved by the interfacing of the laboratory computer with the analytic testing instrument so that the test result can be entered directly into the computer information system or LIS and then become part of a patient's chart.

Quiz 9: Delivery of Laboratory Testing From Point of Care to Total Automation

LIS can be applied to:

Human chorionic gonadotropin (b-hCG) found in a woman's urine specimen is secreted by a fertilized egg,____ hours after implantation.

The major benefits of laboratory automation include all of the following except:

The value of the fecal occult blood test is that it could determine the cause of or aid in detecting:

Important characteristics of point-of-care testing (POCT) instruments include:

The specimen of choice for b-hCG testing is:

A false-negative fecal occult blood can be caused by:

Fecal occult blood testing tests for:

Leukocytes can be differentiated by:

Which of the following is the sequence of major steps in automated analysis that mimic manual techniques?

Computer hardware for an LIS system includes:

General functions of an LIS can include:

Handheld automated equipment has been developed for many applications,including blood coagulation and blood gases.Other measurements include:

The American Cancer Society recommends that fecal specimen(s) from consecutive specimen(s) be collected for colorectal screening.

A laboratory test that is not performed in a traditional laboratory is called a ____ test.

The three most highly automated areas of the clinical laboratory are:

False-positive fecal occult blood results can be caused by ingestion of:

If urine is used for pregnancy testing,it should be:

An advantage of a 2D bar code is that it is:

Computer interfaces are important to the laboratory for all of the following reasons except:

Quiz 9: Delivery of Laboratory Testing From Point of Care to Total Automation

LIS can be applied to:

Human chorionic gonadotropin (b-hCG) found in a woman's urine specimen is secreted by a fertilized egg,____ hours after implantation.

The major benefits of laboratory automation include all of the following except:

The value of the fecal occult blood test is that it could determine the cause of or aid in detecting:

Important characteristics of point-of-care testing (POCT) instruments include:

The specimen of choice for b-hCG testing is:

A false-negative fecal occult blood can be caused by:

Fecal occult blood testing tests for:

Leukocytes can be differentiated by:

Which of the following is the sequence of major steps in automated analysis that mimic manual techniques?

Computer hardware for an LIS system includes:

General functions of an LIS can include:

Handheld automated equipment has been developed for many applications,including blood coagulation and blood gases.Other measurements include:

The American Cancer Society recommends that ____ fecal specimen(s) from ____ consecutive specimen(s) be collected for colorectal screening.

A laboratory test that is not performed in a traditional laboratory is called a ____ test.

The three most highly automated areas of the clinical laboratory are:

False-positive fecal occult blood results can be caused by ingestion of:

If urine is used for pregnancy testing,it should be:

An advantage of a 2D bar code is that it is:

Computer interfaces are important to the laboratory for all of the following reasons except:

The American Cancer Society recommends that fecal specimen(s) from consecutive specimen(s) be collected for colorectal screening.