Question 1

Which is the most widely used treatment for pediatric insomnia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is the most widely used treatment...

Question 2

Archie is trying to train his son Gregor to fall asleep.He puts Gregor in the crib at 10:00 p.m.,30 minutes later than his usual bedtime.Gregor is still not asleep after 10 minutes.So,Archie takes him out.He tries again at 10:30 p.m.He puts Gregor in the crib.By 10:45 p.m.,Gregor is still not asleep,so Archie takes him out.He tries again at 11:00 p.m..He puts Gregor in the crib.Within 5 minutes,Gregor is asleep.The next night,Archie first tries putting Gregor in the crib at 10:30 p.m.Sure enough,Gregor is asleep at 10:40 p.m.This technique is called which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The technique used by Archie is called bedtime fading, which involves gradually delaying a child's bedtime until he or she is tired enough to fall asleep quickly. This technique is effective in reducing the time it takes for a child to fall asleep and promoting earlier bedtimes. Planned ignoring and graduated ignoring involve ignoring unwanted behaviors, while chronotherapy involves adjusting a person's sleep schedule to treat circadian rhythm disorders.

Question 3

Gloria has really scary nightmares about once a month.She wakes up thinking about the vampire she had seen in her dreams for several minutes the morning afterward.Can Gloria be diagnosed with nightmare disorder?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gloria has really scary nightmares about once...

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT typically a component of treatment for encopresis?

Accepted Answer

Stimulant medication is not typically a component of treatment for encopresis. The other options (laxatives, dietary changes, and scheduled toilet sitting) are commonly used interventions for managing and resolving encopresis.

Question 5

Which simple intervention resulted in less time falling asleep,fewer and shorter night wakings,and better morning moods of children and improved mood and energy levels in mothers?

Accepted Answer

Using a consistent bedtime routine has been shown to improve sleep outcomes in children, including less time falling asleep, fewer and shorter night wakings, and better morning moods. This can also lead to improved mood and energy levels in mothers who are not as tired from dealing with multiple night wakings. While swaddling, rocking, and transitional objects may also be helpful, they are not as consistently shown to improve sleep outcomes as a bedtime routine.

Question 6

Mina is attempting to use planned ignoring to help her son Matthew fall asleep on his own.But after 20 minutes of crying,Mina can't take it anymore.She goes into the room,nurses and rocks Matthew,and then leaves again.What are likely to be the effects of Mina's actions?

Accepted Answer

Mina's actions reinforced Matthew's crying behavior because he was eventually given attention and comfort by his mother. This means that in future similar situations, he is likely to cry again in order to receive the same reinforcement. This is an example of the concept of extinction burst - the behavior initially increases before decreasing. Mina may also be more likely to give in again and not have the resolve to continue with planned ignoring, which could further reinforce Matthew's crying behavior.

Question 7

Since she was a little child Kelly,age 12,has woken up feeling fully rested at 3:00a.m. She goes to sleep every evening at 7:00 p.m. Would this be considered a sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Kelly's sleep pattern does not cause her distress or impairment, which is a key factor in diagnosing a sleep disorder.

Question 8

Kylie,age 8,sleeps about 6 hours per night but seems perfectly rested and happy during the day.However,her parents cannot handle having a child who is fully awake at 4:00 every morning.They are sleep deprived and frustrated.Does Kylie meet the criteria for insomnia disorder?

Accepted Answer

Kylie's parents are sleep deprived and frustrated, indicating that her sleep schedule is causing distress to others, which meets the criteria for insomnia disorder in the DSM-5. Additionally, even though Kylie seems rested and happy during the day, her sleep duration is well below the recommended amount for her age, which may have negative consequences on her development and cognitive functioning in the long-term. Therefore, it is important to address her sleep issues with a healthcare professional.

Question 9

A husband and wife,each with sickle cell disease,are thinking about having a baby and want to understand the risk that the baby will have the disease.Which of the following best describes this risk?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. If both parents have the disease, they each have two copies of the mutated gene. Therefore, all of their children will inherit one mutated gene from each parent, resulting in a 100% chance of having the disease.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary questions professionals use to screen for sleep disorders in kids?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 11

Which of the following is a difference between sleepwalking and sleep terrors?

Accepted Answer

Sleep terrors typically involve screaming, while sleepwalking may not involve vocalization.

Answer: B
 Sleep terrors occur during non-REM sleep, while sleepwalking can occur during both non-REM and REM sleep.

Answer: D
 Sleep terrors are associated with no memory of the event, while sleepwalking may result in at least partial recall.

Therefore, the answer is either A, B, or D depending on which difference is being asked for. C is not a difference between sleepwalking and sleep terrors, as both may last for variable durations.

Question 12

It's Lina's bedtime.After she heads upstairs,she peeks her head out and asks her mom for "just one more story." Her mom says,"OK,just this once. " Lina picks a long story and ends up in bed a half-hour later than normal.Which of the following best applies to this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Lina has been positively reinforced because she asked for an additional story and her mom agreed, which resulted in her getting what she wanted (the additional story). This positive experience may lead Lina to ask for an additional story again in the future.

Question 13

Why do so many adolescents experience a phase delay in their circadian rhythm?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, there is a hormonal shift that delays the secretion of both cortisol and melatonin, which regulate the sleep-wake cycle. This delay results in a natural tendency to stay up later at night and sleep in later in the morning, which is commonly referred to as a phase delay. This shift can lead to sleep disturbances and difficulties in meeting the demands of a typical school or work schedule.

Question 14

Margot sometimes can't get back to sleep when she wakes up in the middle of the night.She thinks about all the things she has to do and can't stop her mind from racing.Her therapist tells her that if she's not asleep within 30 minutes,she should get out of bed and read in a different location so that she doesn't associate the bed with her feelings of anxiety.This is an example of which cognitive-behavioral technique?

Accepted Answer

This technique is known as stimulus control, which involves changing the association between the bed and anxiety-provoking thoughts by getting out of bed if sleep does not come within a certain amount of time.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the pieces of evidence that supports delaying school start times?

Accepted Answer

Although exercise is important for overall health and well-being, it is not a piece of evidence that specifically supports delaying school start times. The other options provide evidence that later start times lead to more sleep, better attendance, and higher academic achievement.

Question 16

Amber can't fall asleep because she keeps thinking about the moment in her English class presentation where a boy coughed and said the word "boring" and the class laughed.Even though the teacher had told her she'd done a good job and several other students gave the boy a dirty look when he said that,she cannot stop thinking about that one moment.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Selective abstraction is focusing on a single negative detail and ignoring the positive aspects or the broader context of a situation. Amber is fixating on the negative comment despite receiving positive feedback from her teacher and support from other students.

Question 17

Which type of medication is NOT commonly used to treat children's sleep problems?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of medication is NOT commonly...

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT typically a component of systematic desensitization as it applies to pediatric psychology?

Accepted Answer

Avoidance of feared stimuli is not a component of systematic desensitization. In fact, the goal of systematic desensitization is to gradually expose the child to their feared stimuli in a controlled environment so they can overcome their anxiety and build a tolerance towards it. The other options listed (A, B, and C) are all typical components of systematic desensitization.

Question 19

Which of the following treatments for circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder has the most evidence supporting its effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following treatments for circadian...

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the prevalence of sleep disorders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Quiz 16: Health-Related Disorders and Pediatric Psychology